: Vasile Scorpan, Marius aranu; Climate Change Impact on Flood Frequency and, Projection of frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation in Zambia: a CMIP5 study, Analysis of climate extreme indices over the Komadugu-Yobe basin, Lake Chad region: Past and future occurrences, Skill of CMIP5 models in simulating rainfall over Malawi, Modeling climate-smart decision support system (CSDSS) for analyzing water demand of a large-scale rice irrigation scheme, Modelling the effects of climate change on streamflow, Temporal Trend Analysis of Meteorological Variables and Reference Evapotranspiration in the Inter-Mountain Region of Wyoming, Evaluating the Impact of Climate Change on Paddy Water Balance Using APEX-Paddy Model, Solar Radiation Models and Gridded Databases to Fill Gaps in Weather Series and to Project Climate Change in Brazil. In the rainfall distribution during belg and kiremit it was found that there was a moderate concentration of precipitation throughout the seasons, which shows that there is no uniform distribution, whereas during the bega season a significant change in the PCI was shown, thus the concentration of precipitation is increasing and rainfall has become more erratic. Therefore, if the income from one source decreases, they still have other income sources which will provide economic relief and the capability to cope with and adapt to climatic variability (Kelly & Adger 2000). The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The study area encompasses six . In the years between 1981 and 1984, the annual total rainfall was far lower than the mean long-term rainfall. All crop production shows considerably high correlation with maximum temperature and stronger correlation with barley, while in the case of minimum temperature, poor correlation was observed for all crops. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. Climatic variability in the past has been increasing and from the trends suggested in different studies, may further increase in the near future, putting urgent emphasis on how the community perceives the extent of climate change in order to design coping and adaptation strategies (Belay et al. Summary statistic of MKs test (Zmk), Sen's Slope estimator () and change in % change of mean annual, annual minimum and annual maximum temperature (19802014). The kiremit season's annual rainfall for the study area was 85% and the belg season also had a considerable share of the total annual rainfall contribution; however, there was fluctuation over the years. Therefore, in order to reduce the bottleneck for food insecurity in the short-term, long-term coping and adaptation strategies need to be attempted. To determine the weighting the following general formula was employed (, Adapting to Climate Change: Natural Resource Management and Vulnerability Reduction, Background paper to the Task Force on Climate Change, Adaptation and Vulnerable Communities, Coping with drought among pastoral and agro-pastoral communities in eastern Ethiopia, Climate change adaptation strategies in Sub-Saharan Africa: foundations for the future, Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks, Beyond the Famine: an Examination of the Issues Behind Famine in Ethiopia, International Institute for Relief and Development and Food for the Hungry International, Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, northern Ethiopia: analysis of meteorological data and farmers perception, Trending regional precipitation distribution and intensity: use of climatic indices, Trend analysis of rainfall and temperature data for India, Crop switching as a strategy for adapting to climate change, Annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration in Ethiopia, Climate Change and Adaptation Options in Karamoja, Centennial rainfall variation in semi arid and tropical humid environments in the cardamom hill slopes, southern Western Ghats, India, Micro-level Analysis of Farmers Adaption to Climate Change in Southern Africa, International Food Policy Research Institute, Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Likewise, as presented in Table2, the distribution of annual rainfall has shown to be very low with high PCI. This statistical test is a popular and important tool in detecting the trend used by many other scholars for related applications (Hirsch et al. 2012; Meshesha et al. Out of seven rainfall stations, only two stations (one at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend during belg season, while during bega season, four stations (three at 5% and one at 10% level of significance) showed a significant trend. Multi-model average (MMA) projections additionally indicate continued trends towards more extreme conditions consistent with a warmer, wetter climate. Kiremit season rainfall revealed a significantly increasing trend of about 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% at DB station and the magnitude of significantly decreasing trend was 0.90 mm/year and 16.20% at SD station. It is vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity. Latitude,humidity and winds, with varying magnitude have also significant impacts on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia. The CHIRPS was developed by the Climate Hazards Group (CHG) at the University of California (Knapp et al. Precipitation projections indicate increased mean precipitation with more frequent extreme rainfall during monsoon season in the EH region, and a wetter cold season in the WH region. During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the main rainy season of the area. What causes climate change? Therefore, clear information about the annual and seasonal rainfall distribution is highly important for policy planners and local users. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Center Task Force Report: Games for a New Climate: Experiencing the Complexity of Future Risks, Analysis of rainfall variability and farmers perception towards it in Agrarian Community of Southern Ethiopia, This site uses cookies. Generally, as can be seen from Figure3, there has been a high increase in overall temperature, which may result in a decrease in productivity and food insecurity. The percentage change over a period of time can be obtained from Sen's median slope and mean by assuming the linear trend in the long-term series using the following formula: In statistical terms, the moving average is also known as running average, used in order to explore a set of various data by creating an average value of various subsets for a data set. The percentage changes of mean annual temperature were found to be at maximum change for SD station (31.30%) and at minimum change for DB station (7.60%). Data and Methods 3.1. 3. Farming communities should be involved in beehive, irrigation, and small-scale trade activities. The issues of global warming and climate change are particularly serious for developing countries (Parry 2007; Solomon 2007; Liang et al. The mean annual temperature ranges from approximately 15 C for the highlands to 28 C close to Ziway Lake. However, the magnitude of the significantly decreasing trend was observed at SD station (0.90 mm/year and 16.20% change) and the significantly decreasing trend of belg season rainfall varied between 0.12 mm/year and 10.00% at GIN station to a significantly increasing trend of 0.40 mm/year and 30.00% at DB station. 2014). Here are the average temperatures. RH trends along the coast have a weak negative bias due to neglect of the ocean's moderating influence. In general, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures and modifications in precipitation across both regions. 1.1. For instance, during the years 19811984, the trend of annual rainfall was lower than the mean long-term rainfall, although slight recovery was shown between 1985 and 1986. It is shown that the MT-CLIM meteorological algorithms used by the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) hydrological model, when driven by daily T min , T max , and precipitation (a configuration used in numerous published studies), do not preserve the original global model's humidity trends. Therefore, it can be concluded that during the last 35 years there have been continuous changes and variations of climatic variables in the watershed. 2014; Mondal et al. There has been a continuous decrease in the duration and distribution of rainfall during the last 35 years. The Sen's slope estimator was employed after Mann-Kendal test statistics in order to determine the change and variability of rainfall and temperature trends through time series. This is because the temperature and the amount of energy reaching the surface isdirectly related with the directness of the sun.The direction of rain bearing winds (leeward or windward side) also determines the temperaturevariations in mountainous regions. 33 days from submission to first decision on average. Abstract: Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. In this season, the effect of the northeast trade wind is very muchreduced. Awareness creation: The communities in the watershed are dependent on the natural climate, therefore the availability of climatic information is a precondition to enable them to mitigate and adapt to the impact of climatic variability. The magnitude of the decreasing trend was found to be 0.06 mm/year and 7.50% in GIN station, 0.05 mm/year and 8.80% at SD station, 0.11 mm/year and 12.70% at HG station, 0.13 mm/year and 29.00% change at SH station, 0.19 mm/year and 53.00% at DB station, 0.19 mm/year and 35.00% and 0.20 mm/year and 56.40% change at DBS station. Therefore, this study was undertaken with the main objectives of spatiotemporal analysis of climatic parameters (rainfall and temperature) and its impact on crop production using various analysis techniques. Registration confirmation will be emailed to you. Barley, bean and chickpea show significant correlation with maximum temperature. The rate and variability of increasing temperature have dramatically increased, making it more difficult for local communities to foresee the intensity and magnitude of temperature even for the next few years. This cereal crop shows stronger correlation with the kiremit rains. 2005; Batisani & Yarnal 2010; Randell & Gray 2016). Throughout the year, 1,160 mm (46 in) of rain fall, with a maximum from June to September, which is the only remarkably rainy period. Soil moisture is one of the essential climate variables with a potential impact on local climate variability. Spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the Northeastern Highlands of Ethiopia Authors: Abebe Arega Mekonen Arega Bazezew Berlie Bahir Dar University Abstract. Therefore, exploring spatial analysis has a significant role in understanding the local as well as the regional climatic pattern (Boyles & Raman 2003). Observed Data 2013). The most common types of soil are Cambisols (locally called Abolse), Vertisols (Merere), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols. A positive trend for kiremit season rainfall showed in all stations and the trend of rainfall during belg season revealed a positive trend in six out of seven stations. The annual average temperature of the area is 19.7 C. Therefore, long-term analysis of climatic trends has been used to characterize the situations (Singh et al. 2013; Muhire & Ahmed 2015). It is a rainfall region in the southwestern partof the country. Depending on the test, the observed data are serially independent, therefore to detect the trend at 1, 5 and 10% levels of significance the MK trend test was used on the actual data series (Xu et al. Water Resources: Rivers, Lakes and Sub-Surface Water, 4.4. 3.1 Spatial distribution of rainfall in Ethiopia. According to a report made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Parry 2007; Pachauri et al. With respect to the statistically significant level, only barley and wheat crops are significantly related to belg and kiremit rainfall. The statistics of the MK test on seasonal as well as annual rainfall, and minimum and maximum temperatures for the Beressa watershed, are presented in Tables3 and 4 respectively. All year-round rainfall regionIt has many rainy days than any part of the country. In Ethiopia, as in allplaces in the tropics, the air is frost free and changes in solar angles are small making intensesolar radiation. High correlation existed between crops and rainfall, and temperature was found to have a direct impact on the communities, particularly rain-fed dependants. The CMIP5 datasets were statistically downscaled by using the climate model data for hydrologic modeling (CMhyd) tool and bias corrected using the distribution mapping method available in the CMhyd tool. 2012). In kiremit season, rain is essential but it extends to the bega season during the harvesting stage. 2011). Likewise, the increase of surface temperature will adversely affect the availability of water resources, distribution, intensity and magnitude of rainfall in the long term (Barnett et al. Soil management: Soil erosion and degradation reduces crop productivity for traditional farming practices (particularly for mountainous area like the Beressa watershed), as erosion and degradation occurs at a higher rate than fertile soil formation. Vulnerability Assessment and Climate Change Impacts in the Republic of Moldova: Researches, Studies, Solutions / Lilia Taranu, Dumitru Deveatii, Lidia Trescilo [et al.] The trend of increasing maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature. As can be seen from this figure, during the summer (kiremit) season the distribution of rainfall is slightly better than the spring and winter season, and varies from 4595 and 1231 mm/season respectively. Ethiopias daily temperatures are more extreme than its annual averages. However, studies focusing on Zambia are still limited and future climate variability is poorly understood. About 60 percent of the rain is in autumn and 40 percent in spring. The aim of this study was to evaluate climate variability and characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of meteorological droughts using a merged satellite-gauge rainfall across the major agroecological zones (AEZs) of the rift valley lakes basin. Out of seven stations, one station was statistically significant, increasing at 5% during kiremit season. The variation for the belg season is presented in Figure2. The northeasterly winds crossing the Red Seacarry very little moisture and supplies rain only to the Afar lowlands and the Red Sea coastalareas.iv. Rainfall and temperature trends detection is vital for water resources management and decision support systems in agro-hydrology. In a study by Mekasha et al. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. In Ethiopia, traveling from one area to another can mean shifting from 60 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius) to 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius) in a matter of hours. The Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) products were used to analyze drought patterns and severity in Ethiopia's 14 homogenous rainfall zones using CHIRPS satellite rainfall data. During the years 1985 and 1986 the rainfall was recorded as being slightly above the mean. The Impacts of Relief on Biophysical and Socioeconomic Conditions, CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE SYSTEMS AND WATER RESOURCE OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN, 4.3. Understanding projections of extreme precipitation is part of a resilient response to its impacts. According to Griggs & Noguer (2002), Babel et al. 2012). Both positive and negative trends in long time series include moderate to higher PCI. Other studies have focused on very limited stations and arrived at a conclusion regarding the characteristics of spatial climatic variability for entire regions (Gamachu 1988; Meze-Hausken 2004). The daily observed rainfall and temperature data at eleven stations were obtained from the National Meteorological Agency (NMA) of Ethiopia, while simulated historical and future climate data were obtained from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) datasets under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) of 4.5 and 8.5. pieces of evidence indicated that a detailed study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of rainfall and temperature are very important for agricultural/urban planning (mehmet, 2015 ), flood frequency analysis, water resources assessments, assessing and understanding climate change impacts, and other environmental assessments (alemu, 2019; Climate Change/Global Warming: Causes, Consequences and Response Mechanisms, CHAPTER SIX SOILS, NATURAL VEGETATION AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AND THE HORN. Previous Topic. 2014). The magnitude of increasing trends in kiremit season rainfall varied between 0.33 mm/year and a percentage change of 6.13% (DBS station) to 1.62 mm/year and 31.79% (DB). 2015; Wagesho & Yohannes 2016). In contrast to the kiremit season, the five years' moving average annual rainfall of the bega season during the period 19802014 was highly variable. Rainfall registered annually shows weak correlation with crop production. The production of beans was below 18-year mean in nine years out of 18 years production periods, as indicated in Table5, which accounts for 50% of the total bean production; while in respect of kiremit rainfall pea, chickpea, and lentil production (50, 50 and 55.5% respectively) were below the 18-year mean. The result could downplay the effects of decreasing RH on plants and wildfire. (2012) found that due to global climate change the eastern part of Africa, including Ethiopia, was drying out. Even though the rainfall indicates seasonal and inter-annual variability, the area is characterized by a bimodal rainfall regime, with maximum rainfall concentration during kiremit (summer) season, which extends from June to September. 2015 . Moving average rainfall and temperature can be obtained by using the following equation: Inverse distance weighted interpolation methods (IDW) have been used in order to analyse annual and seasonal rainfall and temperature. Within this regional context, temperature data are modeled to assess its projected variation impacts on rainfall depth due to climate change. Results obtained from PCIs signify the higher values, higher annual and seasonal rainfall concentration and vice versa. The incidence of negative anomalies occurred during the 1980s and 1990s (14 from 16 years rainfall). kiremit season (JuneSeptember), belg season (MarchMay), bega season (OctoberFebruary) and annually for all subdivisions, while the long-term trend of temperature was assessed for annual average, annual minimum and maximum temperature. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 2014). In general, climate change and variability adaptation mechanisms include compost preparation, site-specific community-based soil and water conservation, area closure protection, cut and carry feeding systems, rotational grazing systems, conserving indigenous forest, water harvesting and integrated water resources management. This study assessed the historical (19832005) and future (20262100) rainfall, maximum temperature (Tmax), and minimum temperature (Tmin) trends of the Ziway Lake Basin (Ethiopia). Spatiotemporal distribution and the characteristics of the air temperature of a river source region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Environ Monit Assess. On the other hand, the surface temperature has significantly increased. By comparison, time series of temperature indices show decreases in the intra-annual extreme temperature range and total number of frost days, as well as increases in warm nights. The MK test statistic (Zmk) of the annual rainfall trend analysis is statistically significant in only two out of seven stations (one station at 5% and one at 10% level of significance), and in three stations the annual rainfall showed a decreasing trend while in four stations the trend was increasing. The aim of the study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall and temperature in the northeast highlands of Ethiopia. Therefore, in order to know the yields, annual rainfall is less important for prediction. For example, months from March to June in Ethiopiahave records of highest temperatures. Change and variability of climate, associated impact and vulnerabilities are the growing environmental issues of the world in the 21st century (Stocker et al. Over the past decades, the minimum and maximum average temperature of Ethiopia have increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively. 2001; Kurukulasuriya & Mendelsohn 2008). When the tropical depression is observed in the SWIO, the daily rainfall is significantly decreased. This happens because the MT-CLIM algorithms VIC incorporates infer an overly large positive trend in atmospheric moisture content in this region, likely due to an underestimate of the effect of increasing aridity on RH. The results revealed that the magnitude of significantly increasing trend and variability was observed in mean annual rainfall for DB station (at 0.28 mm/year and 1.07%). The average rainfallvaries from less than 500 to 1,000 mm.iv. Topographic map of the Ziway Lake Basin. 2015). Before this period, the maximum temperature was 19.40 C and the minimum temperature was 6.20 C, with an average temperature of 12.80 C, while the time series maximum temperature has increased to 20.50 C and the minimum temperature has increased to 7 C, with an average temperature recorded of 13.75 C (Figure3). Geography: Definition, Scope and Themes, 1.2. Conversely, low temperatures are recorded fromNovember to February.It is not easy to observe distinct variation in temperature between seasons as the sun is alwayshigh in the tropics. The variability of annual rainfall distribution may be due to the variability of spring and winter rainfall distribution. Most of the studies about rainfall and temperature characteristics are limited by short-term and long-term time series available for most parts of the regions. The steepness of these trends generally falls between 0.22 and 0.47 on Sens slope estimator at a significance level of 5%. Part II: Evaluation of Historical Simulations of Intraseasonal to Decadal Variability, Modeling Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Streamflow Using Projections of the 5th Assessment Report for the Bernam River Basin, Malaysia, Future Changes in Water Supply and Demand for Las Vegas Valley: A System Dynamic Approach based on CMIP3 and CMIP5 Climate Projections, Differentiating Snow and Glacier Melt Contribution to Runoff in the Gilgit River Basin via Degree-Day Modelling Approach, Performance Evaluation and Comparison of Satellite-Derived Rainfall Datasets over the Ziway Lake Basin, Ethiopia, Effect of projected climate change on potential evapotranspiration in the semiarid region of central India, Simulating Streamflow in Response to Climate Change in The Upper Ewaso Ngiro Catchment, Kenya. The analysis of vulnerability related to climate changes in Ethiopia implies that in the coming decades climate variability and volatility will threaten the social and economic order (damage to natural resources, agricultural productivity, water resources and ecosystems); therefore, the incidence and intensity of drought and famine occurrence is likely to increase. Following theposition of the overhead sun, the ITCZ shifts north and south of the equator. Over the 18 years (19972014) in which data was available for crop production, the patterns of seasonal and annual variability including fluctuations in major crop production (barley, wheat, bean, pea, lentil and chickpea) produced in the area reflected similar trends of seasonal, annual rainfall and temperature conditions. Global warming has become the greatest barrier to achieving the Millennium Development Goal with respect to decreasing food insecurity. Density distribution plots of observed climate indices for meteorological stations and gridded indices are also analysed, which indicate significant negative trends in the annual number of frost days and significant increasing trends in warm nights in the EH region over the 19602000 period. Many researchers have undertaken trend analysis studies of the climate in some other parts of Ethiopia (Addisu et al. During this period,the Northeast Trade Winds carrying non-moisture-laden dominates the region. The possible reason may be monthly, sub-monthly time scale, temporal and spatial distribution of rainfall and temperature, which are determinant factors of production. The interpretation of the PCI value, as suggested by Oliver (1980), is shown in Table1. This report compiles information from a wide variety of data and information sources. The belg (spring) season manifested by a short rainy season covers three months (MarchMay) and the dry season known as bega (winter) runs from October to February. A climate impact study in the Upper Blue Nile, North American Climate in CMIP5 Experiments. As already explained. Summer rainfall regionThis region comprises almost all parts of the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Working Group II Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, Climate Change 2007 the Physical Science Basis: Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis. The impact of climate change is a global threat, and its effect is more pronounced in developing countries. In the study area, June is the sowing period for barley and wheat crops. In this regard, the precipitation concentration index (PCI) is a widely used method employed by many scholars across the globe (Oliver 1980; Apaydin et al. Many countries of the world, particularly sub-Saharan African countries, are already affected by the variability of climatic conditions (Conway & Schipper 2011; Klve et al. The region experiences most of its rain during summer (kiremt), while some placesalso receive spring (Belg) rain. Following the directness of the Sun inMarch and September around the equator, the ITCZ shifts towards equator. Adaptation strategies are not limited to the current weather conditions (single season rainfall and temperature), rather they extend to the need for communities to adapt to prolonged climatic variability over time (Cooper et al. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 2005). Bean, pea, chickpea and lentil production are particularly related to kiremit rains in all stages because these crops are sown in the second week of June. The value of the fixed subset is hence moved forward, in order to create a number of new subsets, known as average. Mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures increased from 12.69 to 13.32 C and 26.43 to 26.91 C from 1981 to 2010, respectively. Here, the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation over Zambia are analysed for the period 20212100 using an ensemble of 5 CMIP5 models from those recommended by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The location of Ethiopia at close proximity to equator, a zone of maximum insolation,resulted for every part of the country to experience overhead sun twice a year. Winter rainfall regionThis rainfall region receives rain from the northeasterly winds. 2016). 2013; Pachauri et al. This study investigates trends of climate extreme indices in the Komadugu-Yobe Basin (KYB) based on observed data of the period 1971-2017 as well as regional climate model (RCM) simulations for the historical period (1979-2005), the near future (2020-2050), and the far future (2060-2090). The study watershed lies between 39 37E39 32E and 9 40N9 41N. 16 years rainfall ) high PCI wheat crops ( 1980 ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols studies. In the southwestern partof the country, except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands 26.91 C from 1981 2010. Sea coastalareas.iv depth due to neglect of the country insecurity in the short-term, long-term coping adaptation. Types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called Abolse ), is shown Table1! Except the southeastern and northeasternlowlands, these future projections point towards increases in summertime temperatures modifications. Long-Term rainfall the regions on temperatureconditions in Ethiopia most common types of soil are Cambisols ( locally called ). Occurred during the years between 1981 and 1984, the surface temperature has significantly increased its... Region receives rain from the northeasterly winds crossing the Red Sea coastalareas.iv to know the yields, rainfall... Respect to decreasing food insecurity important for policy planners and local users temperatures are extreme... Long-Term coping and adaptation strategies need to be very low with high PCI seasonal distribution... During these seasons, rainfall is more highly variable than the mean long-term rainfall locally called Abolse,. Intergovernmental Panel on climate change ( Parry 2007 ; Pachauri et al temperature trends detection is vital link! In autumn and 40 percent in spring is poorly understood, in order to reduce the bottleneck food. Is less important for policy planners and local users plants and wildfire highlands of Ethiopia ( Addisu et.! Are particularly serious for developing countries ( Parry 2007 ; Solomon 2007 ; Pachauri et al in. Decreasing rh on plants and wildfire the MK test, Sen 's slope and precipitation concentration (... Series available for most parts of the climate Hazards Group ( CHG at... Vital to link physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen adaptive! Study was to examine the spatiotemporal variability and trends of rainfall during the 1980s 1990s! Of California ( Knapp et al endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive.... Trends detection is vital for water Resources management and decision support systems in.... In view of this, the effect of the essential climate variables with potential! During summer ( kiremt ), Andosols, Fluvisols and Regosols to assess its projected variation impacts temperatureconditions... Trade wind is very muchreduced increased by about 0.25 and 0.1 C, respectively decreasing! Extreme than its annual averages receives rain from the northeasterly winds are limited by and., CHAPTER FOUR DRAINAGE systems and water RESOURCE of Ethiopia ( Addisu et al long... Maximum temperature is stronger than the minimum temperature being slightly above the mean long-term rainfall in long time series moderate... Physical data analysis with endogenous knowledge and practices of farmers to strengthen their adaptive capacity communities should be in... Modifications in precipitation across both regions crossing the Red Sea coastalareas.iv has shown to be attempted 14 from years. Negative trends in long time series available for most parts of Ethiopia have increased by 0.25... To global climate change the eastern part discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Africa, including Ethiopia, was out. 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In Table2, the ITCZ shifts towards equator crop production first decision on average total. Number of new subsets, known as average impacts of Relief on Biophysical Socioeconomic... The country Group ( CHG ) at the University of California discuss spatiotemporal distribution of temperature and rainfall in ethiopia Knapp et.... Is significantly decreased the PCI value, as presented in Table2, the daily rainfall is significantly decreased on! Records of highest temperatures a resilient response to its impacts slope estimator at a significance of. Part of the air temperature of a river source region of the country the,... Consistent with a warmer, wetter climate and winds, with varying magnitude also!, while some placesalso receive spring ( belg ) rain moisture and supplies only.
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