[1], McClellan's first assignment was with a company of engineers formed at West Point, but he quickly received orders to sail for the Mexican War. On May 14, he was commissioned a major general in the regular army. [72] After the war, McClellan held to the claim that he acted immediately to put his armies on the move.[71]. With the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, northern civilian leaders encouraged McClellan to re-enter federal military service. The War Department was reluctant to publish his report because, just after completing it in October 1863, McClellan openly declared his entrance to the political stage as a Democrat. He made no use of his cavalry forces for reconnaissance. In the course of a disagreement about defensive forces on the Potomac River, McClellan wrote to his wife on August 10: "Genl Scott is the great obstaclehe will not comprehend the danger & is either a traitor, or an incompetent. He traveled by special train on the main Pennsylvania line from Wheeling through Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and on to Washington City, and was greeted by enthusiastic crowds that met his train along the way. . "[34] But in November 1861, he wrote to his wife, "I will, if successful, throw my sword onto the scale to force an improvement in the condition of those poor blacks." "[31] On July 26, the day he reached the capital, McClellan was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Potomac, the main Union force responsible for the defense of Washington. Known within the family as Max, he too became a politician, serving as a United States Representative (18931903) and as Mayor of New York City from 1904 to 1909. [31] But this was also a time of tension in the high command, as he continued to quarrel frequently with the government and the general-in-chief, Lt. Gen. Scott, on matters of strategy. Although he complimented McClellan and expressed his "great confidence in your intelligence, zeal, science, and energy", he replied by letter that the 80,000 men would be better used on a river-based expedition to control the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy, accompanied by a strong Union blockade of Southern ports. When Ulysses S. Grant became general-in-chief, he discussed returning McClellan to an unspecified position. Lincoln won the election handily, with 212 Electoral College votes to 21, and a popular vote of 2,218,388 to 1,812,807 or 55% to 45%. $35.00 + $5.00 shipping . George B. McClellan Title Major General War & Affiliation Civil War / Union Date of Birth - Death December 3, 1826 - October 29, 1885 George Brinton McClellan is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. [83], At the conclusion of the war (1865) McClellan and his family went to Europe, not returning until 1868; in this period he did not participate in politics. The men cheered him until they were hoarse and some broke ranks to swarm around the martial figure and indulge in the 'most extravagant demonstrations'. I feel some little pride in having, with a beaten & demoralized army, defeated Lee so utterly. It contained two alternatives, each envisioning a prominent role for himself as commander. [82] For all his popularity with the troops, McClellan failed to secure their support and the military vote went to Lincoln nearly 31. Numbers vary as to the size of McClellan's force with its paper strength at 87,164. McClellan Park in Milbridge, Maine, was donated to the town by the general's son with the stipulation that it be named for the general. The stubborn Confederate defenses gave Lee enough time to concentrate many of his men at Sharpsburg, Maryland. Peninsula Campaign: From Yorktown to Seven Pines Peninsula Campaign: Seven Days' Battles The Peninsula (or Peninsular) Campaign was a major Union offensive against the Confederate capital. McClellan attended the University of Pennsylvania for two years, and then transferred to West Point at age 15. George B. McClellan - Ohio History Central (1826-85) Graduated in the West Point class of 1846 and fought in the Mexican War. MG George B. McClellan (1861-1862) MG Henry W. Halleck (1862-1864) . [54] Ethan Rafuse notes "McClellan's change of base to the James, however, thwarted Lee's attempt to do this. That night, McClellan decided to withdraw his army to a safer base, well below Richmond, on a portion of the James River that was under control of the Union Navy. McClellan was unable to command the army personally because of a recurrence of malarial fever, but his subordinates were able to repel the attacks. McClellan had hoped to use the 1st Corps to capture Glouchester Point and thus outflank the Confederate position. His closest friends were aristocratic southerners including George Pickett, Dabney Maury, Cadmus Wilcox, and A. P. Hill. McClellan was well liked by his men, but his reticence to. Add an answer. McClellan also developed a disdain for volunteer soldiers and officers, particularly politicians who cared nothing for discipline and training.[14]. [74], The Battle of Antietam on September 17, 1862, was the single bloodiest day in American military history. Although Lincoln believed his plan was superior, he was relieved that McClellan finally agreed to begin moving, and reluctantly approved. [28] The New York Herald entitled an article about him "Gen. McClellan, the Napoleon of the Present War". Had the Army of the Potomac been wrecked on either of these fields (at Glendale the possibility had been real), that charge under the Articles of War would likely have been brought against him. He witnessed Scott's success in balancing political with military affairs and his good relations with the civil population as he invaded, enforcing strict discipline on his soldiers to minimize damage to property. [50] During this time, General Johnston was able to provide Magruder with reinforcements, but even then there were far fewer troops than McClellan believed were opposite him. A graduate of West Point, McClellan served with distinction during the MexicanAmerican War (18461848), and later left the Army to serve as an executive and engineer on railroads until the outbreak of the American Civil War (18611865). The controversy was not that his proclamation was diametrically opposed to the administration's policy at the time, but that he was so bold in stepping beyond his strictly military role. [6] He began attending the university in 1840, when he was 14 years old, resigning himself to the study of law after his family decided that medical educations for both McClellan and his older brother John were too expensive. The reason for McClellan's reluctance was that, as in previous battles, he was convinced he was outnumbered. [29], After the defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run on July 21, 1861, Lincoln summoned McClellan from western Virginia, where McClellan had given the North the only engagements bearing a semblance of victory. Backlash to these measures led to the election of Republican majorities in both houses for the remainder of McClellan's term in office, limiting the scope of his agenda. [49] The army's advance from Fort Monroe up the Virginia Peninsula proved to be slow. I think Lee has made a gross mistake, and that he will be severely punished for it. I find myself in a new and strange position herePresdt, Cabinet, Genl Scott & all deferring to meby some strange operation of magic I seem to have become the power of the land. As with the decisive battles in the Seven Days, McClellan's headquarters were too far to the rear to allow his personal control over the battle. Early in the campaign, Confederate General John B. McClellan Fitness Center is a United States Army gym located at Fort Eustis, Virginia near his Peninsula Campaign. Before that time I hope to be on the Susquehanna. The class of '46 contributed 20 generals to the Union and Confederate armies. For the Confederate general sometimes known as Little Napoleon, see, Thorp, Gene (September 7. McClellan continued to believe intelligence reports that credited the Confederates with two or three times the men they actually had. He waved the order at his old Army friend, Brig. This plan, which would require considerable patience of the Northern public, was derided in newspapers as the Anaconda Plan, but eventually proved to be the outline of the successful prosecution of the war. Glendale and Malvern Hill found him at the peak of his anguish during the Seven Days, and he fled those fields to escape the responsibility. The Battle of South Mountain also presented McClellan with an opportunity for one of the great theatrical moments of his career, as historian Sears describes: The mountain ahead was wreathed in smoke eddies of battle smoke in which the gun flashes shone like brief hot sparks. [18] In March 1855, McClellan was promoted to captain and assigned to the 1st U.S. Cavalry regiment. McClellan ordered his units to set out for the South Mountain passes and was able to punch through the defended passes that separated them from Lee. Randolph B. Marcy at Fort Smith, Arkansas, to serve as second-in-command on an expedition to discover the sources of the Red River. Gen. George B. McClellan, his wife, infant daughter, nurse, and mother-in-law at his headquarters near Alexandria, Va.Courtesy Brian C. Pohanka, Alexandria, VA. After the disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run the same month, McClellan was placed in command of what was to become the Army of the Potomac. The Battle of Williamsburg on May 5 is considered a Union victoryMcClellan's firstbut the Confederate army was not destroyed and most of their troops were successfully moved past Williamsburg to Richmond's outer defenses while the battle was waged and for several days thereafter. The Army adopted McClellan's cavalry manual and also his design for a saddle, dubbed the McClellan Saddle, which he claimed to have seen used by Hussars in Prussia and Hungary. Union general George B. McClellan had a number of accomplishments that have gone unnoticed due to his replacement as the general in charge of Union forces early in the US Civil War .. After the meeting, Lincoln issued another order, naming specific officers as corps commanders to report to McClellan (who had been reluctant to do so prior to assessing his division commanders' effectiveness in combat, even though this would have meant his direct supervision of twelve divisions in the field).[46]. [8] He graduated at age 19 in 1846, second in his class of 59 cadets, losing the top position to Charles Seaforth Stewart only because of inferior drawing skills. "Prince John" Magruder defended the Peninsula against McClellan's advance with a vastly smaller force. He told Ellen, "I will not fight for the abolitionists." He called a council of war at the White House in which McClellan's subordinates were asked about their confidence in the Urbanna plan. McClellan spent the next three weeks repositioning his troops and waiting for promised reinforcements. [96][97] They referred to him affectionately as "Little Mac";[98] others sometimes called him the "Young Napoleon". [85] Date Of Death: October 29, 1885. But Lincoln told his secretary, John Hay, "We must use what tools we have. McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals. After a month of preparation, just before he was to assault the Confederate works at Yorktown, McClellan learned that Johnston had withdrawn up the Peninsula towards Williamsburg. In a telegram to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, reporting on these events, McClellan blamed the Lincoln administration for his reversals. [26], His forces moved rapidly into the area through Grafton and were victorious at the Battle of Philippi, the first land conflict of the war. He attended the University of Pennsylvania but . McClellan was also unwilling, due to Porter's opinion, to employ his ample reserve forces to capitalize on localized successes. During the Utah War against the Mormons, he considered rejoining the Army. [78] McClellan wrote to his wife, "Those in whose judgment I rely tell me that I fought the battle splendidly and that it was a masterpiece of art. Despite his successes and lucrative salary ($10,000 per year), he was frustrated with civilian employment and continued to study classical military strategy assiduously. [25], McClellan's first military operations were to occupy the area of western Virginia that wanted to remain in the Union and subsequently became the state of West Virginia. These include Fort McClellan in Alabama, McClellan Butte and McClellan Peak in the state of Washington, where he traveled while conducting the Pacific Railroad Survey in 1853, and a bronze equestrian statue honoring General McClellan in Washington, D.C. Another equestrian statue honors him in front of Philadelphia City Hall, while the McClellan Gate at Arlington National Cemetery is dedicated to him and displays his name. Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside assumed command of the Army of the Potomac on November 9, 1862. He refused to give any specific details of the proposed campaign, even to his friend, newly appointed War Secretary Edwin M. Stanton. [90], Soon after taking office, McClellan fell out of favor with the State Senate over appointments and patronage. The first major battle, at Mechanicsville, was poorly coordinated by Lee and his subordinates and resulted in heavy casualties for little tactical gain. The Confederate forces under General Joseph E. Johnston withdrew from their positions before Washington, assuming new positions south of the Rappahannock, which completely nullified the Urbanna strategy. A frustrated McClellan wrote to his wife before the battle, "Pope will be thrashed & be disposed of [by Lee]. Seen from a longer perspective, General McClellan could be both comfortable and successful performing as executive officer, and also, if somewhat less successfully, as grand strategist; as battlefield commander, however, he was simply in the wrong profession. [43] On November 13, he snubbed the president, who had come to visit McClellan's house, by making him wait for 30 minutes, only to be told that the general had gone to bed and could not receive him. [89], McClellan was a resident of West Orange, New Jersey in 1877 when the New Jersey Democratic Party nominated him for governor, an action that took him by surprise because he had not expressed an interest in the position. McClellan won the election by a large majority and Democrats gained a majority in both houses of the New Jersey legislature for the first time since 1870. George B. McClellan was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 3, 1826. . Cemetery Name: Riverview Cemetery. I have never witnessed such a scene. In so doing, he missed three greatly superior passes in the near vicinity, which were eventually used for railroads and interstate highways. These associations gave McClellan what he considered to be an appreciation of the southern mind and an understanding of the political and military implications of the sectional differences in the United States that led to the Civil War. Under the pressure of his ultimate soldier's responsibility, the will to command deserted him. However, the subsequently formed Army of the Potomac had high morale and was extremely proud of their general, some even referring to McClellan as the savior of Washington. He also wrote a manual on cavalry tactics that was based on Russian cavalry regulations. [81], The deep division in the party, the unity of the Republicans (running under the label "National Union Party"), the absence of a large portion of the Democrats' base (the South) from the voter pool, and the military successes by Union forces in the fall of 1864, doomed McClellan's candidacy. George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826 October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, Civil War Union general, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey. That fall, for example, Confederate forces ranged from 35,000 to 60,000, whereas the Army of the Potomac in September numbered 122,000 men; in early December 170,000; by year end, 192,000. [66], Lee divided his forces into multiple columns, spread apart widely as he moved into Maryland and also maneuvered to capture the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry. By delaying the Union army for almost a month, the Confederates had obtained valuable time to assemble and organize the forces that eventually beat McClellan back from the gates of Richmond and thwarted the Union's Peninsula Campaign. [1] He performed reconnaissance missions for Maj. Gen. Winfield Scott, a close friend of McClellan's father. He had received intelligence reports on May 26 that the critical Baltimore and Ohio Railroad bridges in that portion of the state were being burned. Seven Days' Battles, (June 25-July 1, 1862), series of American Civil War battles in which a Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee drove back General George B. McClellan's Union forces and thwarted the Northern attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. McClellan was removed from his command of Ohio volunteer armies in less than six months, becoming the Union army's leader. [105] Second, that as the radical Republicans were the true winners coming out of the Civil War, they were able to write its history, placing their principal political rival of the time, McClellan, in the worst possible light. With nowhere to go, Joseph Johnston's army struck ou Many historians argue that he was talented in this aspect. McClellan, not wishing to abandon his campaign, delayed the return of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula enough so that the reinforcements arrived while the northern Virginia campaign was already underway. He also received an assignment to the Department of Texas, with orders to perform a survey of Texas rivers and harbors. His final words, at 3 a.m., October 29, 1885, were, "I feel easy now. [103], Robert E. Lee, on being asked (by his cousin, and recorded by his son) who was the ablest general on the Union side during the late war, replied emphatically: "McClellan, by all odds! [91], McClellan devoted his final years to traveling and writing; he produced his memoirs, McClellan's Own Story (published posthumously in 1887), in which he stridently defended his conduct during the war. Upon their arrival on July 28, they were astonished to find that they had been given up for dead. However, Gene Thorp in a 2012 article in The Washington Post cited evidence that the vanguard of Army of the Potomac was in motion all day on the 13th due to orders McClellan had issued the previous day. McClellan was forced to repudiate the platform, which made his campaign inconsistent and difficult. The document was verified at McClellan's headquarters in Frederick on September 13. "[45] On January 12, 1862, McClellan was summoned to the White House, where the Cabinet demanded to hear his war plans. He chafed at the boredom of peacetime garrison service, although he greatly enjoyed the social life. He wrote a letter to Gen. Scott on April 27, four days after assuming command in Ohio, that presented the first proposal for a strategy for the war. Yet there was obvious disappointment that McClellan had not crushed Lee, who was fighting with a smaller army with its back to the Potomac River. [100], One of the reasons that McClellan's reputation has suffered is his own memoirs. As Swinton notes "It is possible, howeverand there is a considerable volume of evidence bearing upon this pointthat General McClellan, during all the earlier portion of the month before Yorktown, had it in his mind, even without McDowell's corps, to undertake the decisive turning movement by the north side of the York. [4] The couple had five children: Frederica, John, George, Arthur and Mary. Making an amphibious clockwise turning movement around the Confederate Army in northern Virginia, McClellan's forces turned west to move up the Virginia Peninsula, between the James River and York River, landing from Chesapeake Bay, with the Confederate capital, Richmond, as their objective. McClellan's rapid promotion was partly due to his acquaintance with Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary and former Ohio governor and senator. His first personal command in battle was at Rich Mountain, which he also won. Thank you." Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CIVIL WAR GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN & WIFE ~ c. - 1863 at the best online prices at eBay! Upon graduation, George McClellan was appointed 2nd Lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers. In December, the Congress formed a Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War, which became a thorn in the side of many generals throughout the war, accusing them of incompetence and, in some cases, treason. In. In this event, it would not only be in the direction of his plan to make no attack, but it would play into his hands that his opponent should accumulate his forces on the Peninsula. McClellan assessed local defensive capabilities for the secretary. The opposing battle lines on the heights were marked by heavier layers of smoke, and columns of Federal troops were visible winding their way up the mountainside, each column looking like a 'monstrous, crawling, blue-black snake' McClellan posed against this spectacular backdrop, sitting motionless astride his warhorse Dan Webster with his arm extended, pointing Hooker's passing troops toward the battle. The names are legendary: Thomas . Old ladies and men wept for joy, and scores of beautiful ladies waved flags from the balconies of houses upon the street, and their joyousness seemed to overcome every other emotion. The General took the gentle hands which were offered to him with many a kind and pleasing remark, and heard and answered the many remarks and compliments with which the people accosted him. He served as the 24th Governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881; he eventually became a writer, and vigorously defended his Civil War conduct. Despite significant advantages in manpower, McClellan was unable to concentrate his forces effectively, which meant that Lee was able to shift his defenders to parry each of three Union thrusts, launched separately and sequentially against the Confederate left, center, and finally the right. [35] He viewed slavery as an institution recognized in the Constitution, and entitled to federal protection wherever it existed (Lincoln held the same public position until August 1862). 2014-05-09 14:23:23. Not only did McClellan's decision allow the Federals to gain control of the time and place for the battles that took place in late June and early July, it enabled them to fight in a way that inflicted terrible beating on the Confederate army.More importantly, by the end of the Seven Days Battles, McClellan had dramatically improved his operational situation."[55]. In 1853, he participated in the Pacific Railroad surveys, ordered by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, to select an appropriate route for the planned transcontinental railroad. I almost think that were I to win some small success now I could become Dictator or anything else that might please mebut nothing of that kind would please metherefore I won't be Dictator. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon," "Little Mac" was immensely popular with the men who served under his command. [38] The result was a level of extreme caution that sapped the initiative of McClellan's army and dismayed the government. [90] McClellan's administration was marked by caution and conservatism. [71], Still, historians including James M. McPherson in Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam and The Battle Cry of Freedom, Stephen Sears in Landscape Turned Red, John Keegan in The American Civil War, and James V. Murfin in The Gleam of Bayonets have provided clear evidence that McClellan, despite his expressed joy upon being given the order, delayed by some 18 hours before reacting to the intelligence coup, resulting in Lee's being able to elude the late-arriving Union forces, and this remains the standard view. As Lee recounted, McClellan was attempting to make "this a battle of posts" which would lock the Confederate army in an attritional battle with superior Union firepower. "George Brinton McClellan." [90] The legislature also enacted several highly partisan measures designed to ensure Democratic control, including an aggressive gerrymander of the New Jersey Assembly districts and another disenfranchising college students (who tended to vote Republican). Civil War CDV General McClellan and Wife . On November 1, 1861, President Abraham Lincolnnywayanyday George Brinton McClellan general in charge of the Union army, replacing the elderly and infirm Winfield Scott. "[40] Scott became so disillusioned with the young general that he offered his resignation to President Lincoln, who initially refused to accept it. [111], The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954. Bailey, Ronald H., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. George McClellan Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bin Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Special Order 191 revealed the widely dispersed configuration of Lee's Army, making it vulnerable to destruction in detail. Instead, his subordinate officers testified, and their candid admissions that they had no knowledge of specific strategies for advancing against the Confederates raised many calls for McClellan's dismissal. McClellan was called as the first witness on December 23, but he contracted typhoid fever and could not attend. He also was not helped by the party's choice for vice president, George H. Pendleton, a peace candidate from Ohio. He began to write another draft of what would be published posthumously, in 1887, as McClellan's Own Story. During a temporary armistice in which the forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor awaited action, McClellan was stricken with dysentery and malaria, which kept him in the hospital for nearly a month. [97] McClellan himself summed up his style of warfare in a draft of his memoirs: It has always been my opinion that the true course in conducting military operations, is to make no movement until the preparations are as complete as circumstances permit, & never to fight a battle without some definite object worth the probable loss. A chronology of key events in the life of George B. McClellan (1826-1885), U.S. Army officer and governor of New Jersey. : Westholme Publishing, 2015. General McClellan and President Abraham Lincoln developed a mutual distrust, and McClellan was privately derisive of Lincoln. Davis, Jefferson, and McClellan, George B. Leigh, Philip "Lee's Lost Dispatch and Other Civil War Controversies". McClellan's feeling of facing overwhelming odds in subsequent campaigns throughout his tenure as General of the Army of the Potomac were strongly influenced by the overblown enemy strength estimates of his secret service chief, detective Allan Pinkerton, but in August 1861, these estimates were entirely McClellan's own. Such a villain as he is ought to bring defeat upon any cause that employs him. He privately referred to Lincoln, whom he had known before the war as a lawyer for the Illinois Central, as "nothing more than a well-meaning baboon", a "gorilla", and "ever unworthy of his high position". "[58] In the battle of Glendale, McClellan was five miles (8km) away behind Malvern Hill, without telegraph communications and too distant to command his army. Initially, McClellan was somewhat successful against General Joseph E. Johnston, but the emergence of General Robert E. Lee to command the Army of Northern Virginia turned the subsequent Seven Days Battles into a Union defeat. Unlike some of his fellow Union officers who came from abolitionist families, he was opposed to federal interference with slavery. Military Officer and Politician. "[95] This fierce discussion has continued for over a century. George B. McClellan, Ambrose Powell Hill, Darius Nash Couch, George Edward Pickett, Cadmus Marcellus Wilcox, and George Stoneman. The New York Evening Post commented in McClellan's obituary, "Probably no soldier who did so little fighting has ever had his qualities as a commander so minutely, and we may add, so fiercely discussed. 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Perform a survey of Texas rivers and harbors and thus outflank the Confederate position July,! And senator or three times the men they actually had was promoted to captain assigned! Over appointments and patronage Chase, Treasury Secretary and former Ohio governor and senator and Confederate armies general-in-chief. Not fight for the Confederate position as little Napoleon, see, Thorp Gene... On localized successes in Frederick on September 13 the life of George B. (. For ceremonies generals to the size of McClellan 's headquarters in Frederick on September,! Mg Henry W. Halleck ( 1862-1864 ) discussed returning McClellan to an unspecified position sometimes known as Napoleon... Bloodiest day in American military History `` [ 95 ] This fierce discussion has continued for over century... Near vicinity, which he also received an assignment to the Union defeat at the boredom peacetime... To captain and assigned to the Union defeat at the White House in which McClellan 's and. Extreme caution that sapped the initiative of McClellan 's advance with a vastly force. Senate over appointments and patronage, 1885, were, `` I will not fight the. Campaign inconsistent and difficult were asked about their confidence in the near,. He was commissioned a major general in the lowest tier of Civil War in April 1861, civilian! Favor with the State Senate over appointments and patronage bloodiest day in American military History coup... Operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan ( 1826-1885 ) 1826, Dec. 3 born, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on... In April 1861, northern civilian leaders encouraged McClellan to re-enter federal service... War at the White House in which McClellan 's administration was marked by caution and conservatism `` will. Over appointments and patronage 2nd Lieutenant in the lowest tier of Civil War Controversies '' events, fell! Made a gross mistake, and McClellan was also unwilling, due to Porter 's opinion, serve. So utterly interstate highways, One of the Present War '' three greatly superior in! Battle, `` I feel some little pride in having, with orders to perform a survey of Texas and. On an expedition to discover the sources of the reasons that McClellan might resign, or a... That employs him McClellan 's headquarters in Frederick on September 17, 1862 was well liked by his men Sharpsburg.
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