2) Yielding: When a body experience stresses. (17Jan 19) 10.
Injection of the preservatives into the body of the timber; 3. (iii) Due to attack by fungi and insects. 2. Mallet 6. Question Transcribed Image Text: 1. In Frenkel defect, only the smaller ion (cation . clamping work on machine . What precautions to be taken in. (4) figures to the right indicate full marks. Planar defects, which are interfaces between homogeneous regions of the material. The defects of Resistance Spot Welding are as follows. b) House Longhorn Beetles (HYWTRUPES BAJULUS): House Longhorn Beetles are a risk to soft wood in roof voids or pitched or flat roofs where there is sufficient warmth. (i) Principal rafter (ii) Purlin (iii) Cleat Comment, if no bond is provided in Exp after. 9. - splits. These defects occur only at or around a single lattice point.
The half cone angle of the die is 6 and the coefficient of . Draw neat sketch showing fixing details of 'AC shee in detail oortng Explain the terms with a sketch. What is the importance. b Shakes These are cracks in the timber which appear due to excessive frost or twisting due to wind during growth of tree. There are certain types of the rolling process, whereas, in the hot rolling process, the metal is heated at its desirable temperature, when the metal is properly heated then the metal should be passed between the one or more rolling mills to gain the proper desirable shape. It's caused by uneven drying once the log is cut. What are the defects in timber explain? (b) Explain in detail acoustical defects, (c) Comment, construction. 5.13 State any three common green sand casting defects. Natural Defects - Knots Caused when the branches of a tree are cut off or stop growing. . Explain Defects In Timber With Neat Labeled Sketches 1 Answer.
Defects can occur in timber at various stages, principally during the growing period and during the conversion and seasoning process. They break the continuity of fiber and weaken the timber. The defect in timber takes the form of circular holes or short tunnels 0.5 to 3 mm dia mainly across the grain. Yielding is only called yielding when it actually compromises the integrity or function of the part that yields. Improper venting in mould Types of casting defects: Question: List down some common weld defects. Defects in mould 4. Gige its ' plain the procedure of p!astering on new surface. But unfortunately timber usually possess different types of defects. They influence the quality of timber at least in two ways: Firstly, they make the workability of timber quite difficult. Explain any three defects in welding with neat sketch. 5.12 Mention the causes and remedies of the following sand casting defects: Blow holes, hot tears and mis runs. Boxed . A welding operation is time-studied during which an operator was pace-rated as 120%. SHAKES. The operator took, on an average, 8 minutes for producing the weld-joint. Its Types, Working and Application. 2. The maximum reduction in area of wire is less than 45% in one pass. (ii) Due to defective seasoning and conversions. Explain the defects inthe timber and how they are treated with the neat sketches It is caused by an insufficient amount of metal, insufficient number of blows, incorrect die design or low temperature of stock. (10) PART C Answer any four full questions, each carries 10 marks 9 a) What are leading and trailing shoes in drum brake system? Yielding is probably the most common type of failure analyzed with FEA. Rapping allowance. For a large quantity of timber, the boiling process is very difficult so, for which hot steam is passed through the logs of timber in an enclosed room. 2. Defects affect the quality, reduce the quantity of useful wood, reduce the strength, spoil the appearance and favour its decay. (CO : MET Blooms Level : 204.1) 3 2. Defects in the shape of a casting appear as either mismatches or flash. Show transcribed image text Expert Answer. Some of such important defects are discussed as under. (CO : MET Blooms Level : 204.2) 2 4. They can . Perfect timber logs would make the construction work simple. Explain with neat sketch of "Investment casting" process. Distortion or camber allowance. The size of the defect could be one atom, or two atomic diameters, which is just like a point. Defects due to Conversion : a. Write any four major forging defects and solution for those defects. Explain any four rolling defects. We carve one end of a piece of wood to create a rectangular cavity called the "mortise.". Last Answer : Tools required for dressing of stone. Visual and fluorescent penetrant inspection is done for surfaces and X-ray is employed for sub-surface defect identification. This process involves reducing diameter of thick wire by passing it through a series of wire drawing dies with successive die having smaller diameter than the preceding one. Defects due to conversion and seasoning of timber involve shakes, warping, bowing, twist, diamonding, casehardening and honey combing. They are harder and offer greater resistance to planning and polishing. The parts where the staining can be seen will start . How does penetration vary for DCSP and DCRP welding. Mismatches. Explain the process of making seamless tube. Explain various drilling machines with neat sketches. Roof leakage may develop moisture that causes staining on the ceiling. 1. Unlike high cost and variable strength with forging; modern centrifugal casting provides high . 3. Line defects 2. Asymmetrical Spot Weld Marks The explosion of metal near weld site Cracks in the Weld Area Indented Surfaces Spattering Advantages of Resistance Spot Welding: The advantages of Resistance Spot Welding are as follows. Roof Leakage. To avoid any of these types of casting defects, one needs to have a clear understanding of its types and their remedies. Read More : Introduction To Pattern | Types Of Pattern used in Casting Process. Chip Mark : Marks or signs placed by chips on the finished surface of timber.
Add your answer and earn points. The sapwood compresses around the heartwood as they dry at different rates. Pitching tool 8. - warping. Explain the principle of extrusion process with neat sketch. It is a defect of dimensions just like a point (zero dimensions). Ans: There are four main types of defects or imperfections in solids that are as follows- 1. 02) Downdraft Type: In this, air enters the carburetor at the top and leaves at the bottom.This is used in most passenger cars. a) types of air-conditioning systems. Defecting gating system 7. Wooden houses are most popular in japan. Wane is a defect in the wood caused by s. The Simple Carburetor may be of the following three types 01) Updraft Type: In this, the air enters the carburetor at the bottom and leaves at the top. KNOTS. We are proud to produce complex investment cast parts with superior surface finishes in the industries fastest lead-times for the following markets: Aerospace; Defense; Medical; One of the biggest challenges of working with timber is learning to work within the constraints of a timber's. The following are a list of the most common wood defects. They do not extend in space in any dimension. A dead knot will come out of the wooden piece leaving a . After knots, shakes are more serious and common defects in timber. Vacancy 2. (viii) Knots: WOOD Wood is a material by which we can shutter, and used for making goods like furniture and many other material which is more attaractive and affordable than other material.
Easy automation Low fumes Cost-effectiveness No filler materials are required. Description : List the four tools required for dressing of stone. - knots. Explain the process of deep-hole drilling. Stacking Faults and Twin Boundaries A disruption of the long-range stacking sequence can produce two other common types of crystal defects: 1) a stacking fault and 2) a twin region. A knot marks the position of growth of a branch on the tree. Using Merchant's circle. DEFECTS DUE TO FUNGI The attack of timber by fungi when moisture content of timber is above 20% and presence of air and warmth for the growth of fungi the following defects are caused Blue stain: Sap of wood is stained to bluish colour Due to moulding material 5. Improper melting of metal 3. (17Jan 19) 9. Answers (1) Using sketches of exploded views show five different ways of making widening joints.
Defects can occur through a number of reasons. b) Explain the construction of torsion bar suspension with a neat sketch. MU Civil Engineering (Semester 3)Building Materials and ConstructionMay 2015. Brown rot: Decay or disease of timber by removal of cellulose compounds from wood and wood assumes the brown colour. There is various reason or sources which is responsible for the defects in the cast metal. In Schottky defect, both cation and anion leave the solid crystal. The main objectives of such treatment are to ensure a longer, trouble-free life of timber. Various types of point defects are: 1. Explain various defects in deep drawing process. proaucts used in (a) Define Plastering ? Surface defects Q.3. See the answer See the answer See the answer done loading. Gad 4. It is used as building structural element as well as door, window, partition etc. It is caused either due to poor ventilation during storage or by commencement of decay due to over-maturity or due to growth of tree in a marshy soil. (b) Explain brick manufacturing process in detail. What are the casting defects arises due to faulty processes in casting, explain each type with neat sketch. Q10) A steel wire is drawn from an initial diameter of 12.5mm to a final diameter of 10.0mm, at the speed of 120m/min. Thus, different parts of the blank are subjected to different stages of stress, as shown in Fig. What is Casting Defects? This defect is indicated by red or yellow tinge in wood or reddish brown stains or spots round the pith of tree discolouring the timber. (i) Defects due to Natural Forces: The following defects are caused by natural forces: (a) Knots (b) Shakes. (5 marks) 1 (c) what qualities in bricks are essentially required from construction point of view? Remedy: Ingot size must be sufficient, hammering should be done properly, die should be designed correctly and the temperature of stock should be sufficient. Applications . Explain different types of industrial timber products. Knots of whatever type and shape are always to be considered as defects in timber. Volume defects 4. 8. Defects in Timber due to Natural Forces As the name indicate the attack of timber by fungi when the moisture content of timber is more than 20% and presence of air and warmth for the growth of fungi the following defects are caused. That's why they are also called zero dimensional (0-D) defects. Discuss any one method of testing the formability of sheet metal. The mortise and tenon joint is among the most durable joints that you can find in woodworking joints. This occurs because of improper cutting of tree. Machining or finish allowance. Mortise and Tenon Joints. Two types of knots Dead Knots Dark in colour and shows sign of decay Weaken the timber and often become loose and fall out. Following are the types of welding defects: Porosity and Blowholes Undercut Weld crack Incomplete fusion Slag inclusion Incomplete penetration Spatter Distortion Hot Tear Mechanical damage Misalignment Excess reinforcement Overlap Lamellar tearing Whiskers #1 Porosity and Blowhole Because it can be installed at a higher level in the engine.Hence making it more accessible for the purpose of . Explain the principle of tube drawing process. View Answer Q: Miscellaneous drilling operations (a) (i) With the aid of sketches show the differences between countersinking, counterboring and spot facing. What are the natural defects in wood? d. Wane : Pressure of original rounded surface on manufactured piece of Lumber. Planar defects include grain boundaries, stacking faults and external surfaces. [10] (b) List out different t . Impurity Atoms. Fig. Centrifugal casting is one of the Revolutionary techniques of the industrial process developed in 1807. The fundamental steps are described below with a neat diagram. Defects due to abnormal growth of trees are natural in nature and they are knots, stakes, twisted fiber and rind galls. c. Torn Grain : Small depression formed due to falling of a tree. Explain with sketches of various methods adopted for the preservation of timber? Deduce the equation Fns=FR sin (+-). State and explain defects in timber Get the answers you need, now! The most common roof defect is leakage. Defects in timber due to Natural Forces Wind cracks Shakes Twisted fibers Upsets Rind galls Burls Water stain Chemical stain Deadwood Knots Coarse grain Foxiness Druxiness Callus 1. (Solved) Using sketches of exploded views show five different ways of making widening joints. Knots are too much frequent in many trees. Defecting design of pattern 2. Frenkel defect usually occurs in those ionic crystals where size of anion is quite large as compared to that of the cation. - bowing. timber defects timber defects fungi attack favorable condition Most common natural defects are: knots, shakes, cross grain, crookedness, rind galls, burr, and curl. The defects occurring in the timber are grouped into the following five divisions: Write any four main disadvantages of casting process. c Wind cracks If wood is exposed to . Secondly, they reduce the tensile strength of the timber. Boaster 9. A seasoning by boiling process provides good elasticity and strength to Timber. 3. With a neat sketch explain geometry of single point cutting tool.
Some casting defects can be repaired while some are tolerated.
(i) Image Acquisition : This is the first step or process of the fundamental steps of digital image processing. Defects may be 'natural' which occur whilst the tree is growing, or 'artificial' as a result of poor conversion, seasoning or handling after felling. Bow (Bowing) The curvature of a piece of sawn timber in the direction of its length, cf. b. Diagonal Grain : Formed due to improper sawing. DRUXINESS: This defect is indicated by white decayed spots which are concealed by healthy wood they are probably formed by access of fungi. 1 (b) Explain with neat sketches types of pointing. Explain radial drilling machine with neat sketch and function of each part. REACTION WOOD. What are point defects in solid-state? (5 marks) 1 (d) compare framed structure and load bearing structure. 1 (a) explain quarrying of stones. A tube 35mm outside diameter is turned orthogonally on a lathe. Draft or taper allowance. 5.14 Explain how shrinkage cavities are sometimes. It is an unwanted irregularities that appear in the casting during metal casting process. - checks. It describes a body which experiences stress in excess of the yield stress.
Warping is a kind of variation from a true or plain surface and may include a one or combination of cup, bow, crook and twist. Briefly explain the steps followed in the making of a haunched mortise and tenon joint. Those defects in the crystals which occur around an atom or particle are called point defects. Kiln Seasoning In this method timber is subjected to hot air in air tight chamber. These defects may of dead or live kind. Various defects which are likely to occur in timber may be grouped into the following three: (i) Due to natural forces. 8. State work holding devices used in drilling machines. Give their causes and remedies. Mismatches, also known as shifts, are when different parts of a casting come out misaligned with each other, usually horizontally. Centrifugal casting is used where we require strength, reliability, and material soundness in the end product. Rod Drawing: Natural Defects Heart rot 4. 1 (c) What qualities in bricks are essentially required from construction point of view? Rake angle=350,cutting speed=15m/min, Feed=0.10mm/rev, in Flemish Bond. 1 (a) Explain Quarrying of stones. . Engineering Mechanical Engineering Q&A Library What are the casting defects arises due to faulty processes in casting, explain each type with neat sketch.
To make it easy for the learners, we have embeded . Date posted: September 23, 2019. 5. The hot air circulates in between the timber logs and reduces the moisture content. The temperature inside the chamber is raised with the help of heating coils. Schottky defect occurs in those ionic crystals where difference in size between cation and anion is small. Spall hammer 2. (A) What are the casting defects arises due to faulty processes in casting, explain each type with neat sketch. 6.41. Scrabbling hammer 5. Here in this section we will discuss all the major types of casting defects. Date posted: September 23, 2019. The followings are the five main types of defects in timber: Defects due to Natural Forces Defects due to Attack by Insects Defects due to Fungi Defects due to Defective Seasoning Defects due to Defective Conversion These timber defects are briefly discussed below. What do you understand by the term 'efficiency of a riveted joint'? Therefore, the deformation is not even throughout of the blank. Shape defects are some of the easiest to fix, since they generally involve readjusting existing molds. These are the smallest possible defects in any crystalline solid material. Q2) .
The holes are dark stained and contain no bone dust. The deep drawing process involves five stages as discussed earlier: bending, straightening, friction, compression, and tension.
Interstitialcy 3. The allowances usually considered on patterns and core boxes are as follows: Shrinkage or contraction allowance. Dummy 3. After this process timber is allowed to cool and dry. During the drying process of timber, if the wood is not dried in the correct manner, stresses in the wood can occur, making it difficult to work it or impossible to use for a certain project. Draw neat sketch of twist drill and label it. Spring and Curvature. Frenkel Defect 4. Show by neat sketches the various ways in which a riveted joint may fail. Leakage is normally due to the unsealed penetration, missing roof tiles, and improper installation of the underlayment. CROSS GRAIN. Explain with neat sketch of "Explosive forming" process. (4) b) Explain the construction of floating . We then shape the end of the other part in the shape of a rectangular pin called the "tenon.". Following PDF files regarding defects in timber are published in different websites. Blue stain: Sap of wood is stained to bluesh colour. Point 10. (2.5marks)
Drag 7. (5 marks) 1 (b) explain with neat sketches types of pointing. A point defect is a very localised disruption in the regularity of a lattice. (a) Explain Defects in timber with neat sketches. 9. - twists and winds. Since from the usage of steel as a construction material, due to its higher strength with lower mass, trusses took a major role in the civil structures together with the . Casting defects are broken down into five main categories: gas porosity, shrinkage, mold material, pouring metal, and metallurgical Casting defects. Wind Cracks in Timber If the wood is exposed continuously to the high-speed winds, the outer surface shrinks and forms crack externally, which are called wind cracks. Trusses are the key engineering feature in the emerging civil engineering contest. shows a knot defect. (7.5 marks) (Five casting defects (5x1=5marks) + 5 casting defect sketches (5x0.5) = 2.5marks) (B) List the applications of permanent mold casting along with metals most commonly cast for permanent mold casting. (5 marks) 2 (a) explain defects in
- shakes.
Defects due to fungi. (6) 8 With the help of neat sketch explain the construction and working of hydra gas suspension. Suggest a suitable process for making of a bolt and elaborate the procedure. The basic conditions which spark the defects in casting or the favorable conditions of casting defects are 1. Indeed, long span structures with light weight is the main reason for the increase in the demand of trusses in the construction industry. Timber is far from being a stable and consistent material. Explain any three defects in castingA with neat sketch? Application of some chemical substances (called the preservatives) on the surface of the timber. There are three types of methods used for preserving timber: 1.
With neat sketches explain at least three of them, mentioning the causes and remedies. Explain lean to roof Explain defects in painting Write short notes on: (1) Prevention of accidents, Write down the ideal scaffolding in . Mostly die are made by chilled cast iron, tungsten carbide, diamond or other tool material.
This process is economically very costly. 1. So to check your submission . Point defects 3. a Knots These are the bases of branches which are broken off from the tree. RINDGALLS etc. It affects the strength of the timber. Answer: Checking is a surface defect in a timber, a crack running along the grain that does not go all the way through the piece. (c) Wind cracks (d) Upsets. Explain the defects inthe timber and how they are treated with the neat sketches 1 See answer Advertisement Advertisement Qamar2894 is waiting for your help. Undersize of forging due to less amount of metal. A Defect is taken to be any irregularity occurring in or on the timber which may lower its strength, durability, utility value or diminish its appearance. Define an ore.. Posted one year ago. Question What do you think is the main reason causing natural defects in timber? Live Knots Light in colour and do not generally fall out. Explain with neat sketches, the different forms of plywood. 2. With neat sketches, explain the classification of metal working processes on the basis of force applied. This problem has been solved! The following data is available. Improper cooling of mould 6. Timber is an important construction material. Kiln Seasoning FOXINESS: This defect is indicated by red or yellow tinge in wood or reddish brown stains or spots round the pith of tree discolouring the timber it is caused either due to poor ventilation during . Find an answer to your question Explain the defects inthe timber and how they are treated with the neat sketches Qamar2894 Qamar2894 16.04.2018 . Micro-structure of wood TIMBER Timber refers to wood that best suitable for engineering work or for building work. The following are some of the common defects: 1. (CO : MET Blooms Level : 204.2) 3 3. Image acquisition could be as simple as being given an image that is already in digital form.
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