Secure .gov websites use HTTPS The court ruled that BP hadn't explained "how this court or the district court should identify or even discern the existence of 'claimants that have suffered no cognizable injury. These studies also showed that the bodies of former spill cleanup workers carry biomarkers of "many chemicals contained in the oil". An investigation of the possible causes of the explosion was launched on 22 April 2010 by the USCG and the Minerals Management Service. These projects allowed restoration of the Gulf to begin immediately. [36] On 11 May the United States administration requested the National Academy of Engineering conduct an independent technical investigation. [15][69] Although only "minute" quantities of oil continued to wash up in 2013, patches of tar balls were still being reported almost every day from Alabama and Florida Panhandle beaches. [188][189] Between May and June 2010, the spill waters contained 40 times more polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) than before the spill. 951 bacterial subfamilies, which, possibly about 16 types contributed to the degradation. [230][231], On 12 April 2016, a research team reported that 88 percent of about 360 baby or stillborn dolphins within the spill area "had abnormal or under-developed lungs", compared to 15 percent in other areas. Bioaugmentation is the inoculation of a relatively small amount of oil-degrading microbes into an affected area. [319][321] One was that it had not used a diagnostic tool to test the strength of the cement. However, it was not clear if this deal had been officially proposed to BP and if BP has accepted it. Diaz also believes neurological disorders should be expected. In their report, they suggest the possibility that respiratory symptoms might have been caused by high levels of ozone or reactive aldehydes in the air, possibly produced from photochemical reactions in the oil. [3], From April to mid-July 2010, 411controlled in-situ fires remediated approximately 265,000bbl (11.1million USgal; 42,100m3). [256][257] The Gulf of Mexico commercial fishing industry was estimated to have lost $247million as a result of postspill fisheries closures. "[319] Transocean, however, blamed BP for making the decisions before the actual explosion occurred and government officials for permitting those decisions. The Deepwater Horizon spill resulted in the largest natural resource damage assessment ever undertaken. The Flow Rate Technical Group (FRTG) estimated the initial flow rate was 62,000bbl/d (9,900m3/d). BP said 826,800bbl (131,450m3) had been recovered or flared. [224][225], In 2013, researchers found that oil on the bottom of the seafloor did not seem to be degrading,[226] and observed a phenomenon called a "dirty blizzard": oil in the water column began clumping around suspended sediments, and falling to the ocean floor in an "underwater rain of oily particles." [289], The Organization for International Investment, a Washington D.C.-based advocate for overseas investment in the United States, warned that the heated rhetoric was potentially damaging the reputation of British companies with operations in the United States and could spark a wave of U.S. protectionism that would restrict British firms from government contracts, political donations and lobbying. On 20 April, 2010, an explosion at the Deepwater Horizon rig unleashed the largest oil spill in US history. The first one is increasing the surface area through emulsification. [57] As of July2011[update], about 491mi (790km) of coastline in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida were contaminated by oil and a total of 1,074mi (1,728km) had been oiled since the spill began. We conducted dozens of public meetings and received thousands of comments which have helped us shape each phase of early restoration. The draft plan allocated up to $8.8 billion for restoration from a proposed settlement with BP. Efforts in May to place a containment dome over the largest leak in the broken riser were thwarted by the buoyant action of gas hydratesgas molecules in an ice matrixformed by the reaction of natural gas and cold water. Although that method did not remove the oil completely, chemicals called dispersants were used to hasten the oil's degradation to prevent the oil from doing further damage to the marine habitats below the surface water. BP set up its own private claims program unilaterally in 2010. An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially the marine ecosystem, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution.The term is usually given to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land.Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling . By October 2013 it had increased its projection to $9.2billion, saying it could be "significantly higher. [278], On 30 April, President Obama dispatched the Secretaries of the Department of Interior and Homeland Security, as well as the EPA Administrator and NOAA to the Gulf Coast to assess the disaster. The effects of a small spill can take 15 . [90][91] On 16 September 2010, the relief well reached its destination and pumping of cement to seal the well began. Blake D A, John V and Lvov Y M 2018 Bacterial proliferation on clay nanotube Pickering emulsions for oil spill bioremediation Colloids Surfaces B Biointerfaces. This is the preferred method when members of the indigenous microbial community are capable of degrading oil [10]. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill added roughly 800 million liters of hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Mexico. [146], Underwater injection of Corexit into the leak may have created the oil plumes which were discovered below the surface. Bioaugmentation is the inoculation of a relatively small amount of oil-degrading microbes into an affected area. 202-737-3600. service@asmusa.org. 4) Is there a way to isolate the genes responsible for oil degrading microbes and introduce them to indigenous microbe populations that are incapable of oil degrading? Under the Clean Water Act fines can be based on a cost per barrel of up to $4,300, at the discretion of the judge. By 26 May 2010, over 130 lawsuits relating to the spill had been filed[333] against one or more of BP, Transocean, Cameron International Corporation, and Halliburton Energy Services,[334] although it was considered likely by observers that these would be combined into one court as a multidistrict litigation. On December 15, 2010, the United States filed a complaint in District Court against BP Exploration & Production and several other defendants alleged to be responsible for the spill. The deepwater oil plume was greater than 35 km in distance and 30% was still in the water column. BP also agreed to four years of government monitoring of its safety practices and ethics, and the Environmental Protection Agency announced that BP would be temporarily banned from new contracts with the United States government. A massive response ensued to protect beaches, wetlands and estuaries from the spreading oil utilizing skimmer ships, floating booms, controlled burns and 1.8410^6USgal (7,000m3) of oil dispersant. [citation needed] Other studies have reported a variety of mental health issues, skin problems, breathing issues, coughing, and headaches. Their versatile metabolism and their ability to thrive in various conditions make them a good candidate to be used for bioaugmentation. It later emerged through documents released by Wikileaks that a similar incident had occurred on a BP-owned rig in the Caspian Sea in September 2008. This coalition gained significant influence in the clean-up of the oil spill to try to gain some control over the situation. Calling the vicinity of the spill "one of the most productive ocean ecosystems in the world", the study found that even at very low concentrations "PAH cardiotoxicity was potentially a common form of injury among a broad range of species in the vicinity of the oil. [93], Oil slicks were reported in March[94] and August 2011,[95][96] in March[11] and October 2012,[97][98][99] and in January 2013. The Deepwater Horizon accident has brought oil contamination of deep-sea environments to worldwide attention. When Congress passed the RESTORE Act in 2012, it dedicated 80 percent of all administrative and civil penalties from the responsible parties to ecological and economic recovery efforts in the Gulf. argument that the Gulf region is "undergoing a robust recovery". The explosion These numbers, coupled with the National Audubon Society scientists' observations of bird colonies and bird mortality well after the acute phase, have led scientists to conclude that more than one million birds ultimately succumbed to the lethal effects of the Gulf oil spill. environmental disaster, Gulf of Mexico [2010]. [282] Rand Paul accused President Obama of being anti-business and "un-American". You may remember the Deepwater Horizon oil spill that happened in 2010, where 3.19 million barrels of oil spilled off the Gulf of Mexico. 2179 "DEEPWATER HORIZON" IN THE GULF: OF MEXICO, ON APRIL 20, 2010", "U.S. bans BP from new government contracts after oil spill deal", "US court accepts BP's Macondo guilty plea", "BP Will Pay $4.5B in Plea Deal over Macondo", "Transocean Agrees to Plead Guilty to Environmental Crime and Enter Civil Settlement to Resolve U.S. Clean Water Act Penalty Claims from Deepwater Horizon Incident", "Halliburton Pleads Guilty to Destroying Evidence After Gulf Spill", "Judges Call BP's Arguments "Nonsensical", "The ideas that underly BP's cert petition don't make sense", "BP's Appeal Fails to Interest Supreme Court, Cert Denied", "Halliburton to pay around $1.1 bn for US oil spill claims", "BP to begin presenting its defense Monday in Gulf oil spill trial", "BP, Transocean Accused of 'Reckless' Actions in Spill", "U.S. Justice, Gulf states crafting BP spill settlement", "BP found "grossly negligent' in Gulf of Mexico oil spill", "BP set to pay largest environmental fine in US history for Gulf oil spill", "Kurt Mix, BP Engineer, Faces First Oil Spill Charges", "Feds File First Criminal Charges Related to BP Gulf Spill", "First Criminal Charges Filed in Deepwater Horizon Accident", "BP to pay $4.5bn penalty over Deepwater Horizon disaster", "BP Managers Plead Not Guilty to Deepwater Horizon Criminal Charges", "Halliburton manager gets 1 year probation in Gulf oil spill", "Blowout: Four years after his indictment, one of the only people prosecuted for the Deepwater Horizon explosion tells his side of the story", "Disaster prosecution is, well, a disaster", "Disaster's Toll on the Gulf and Its People", "The Great Invisible (Post-Screening Discussion)", "The Great Invisible | Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill | Independent Lens | PBS", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache (2014) - IMDb", "Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache Official Trailer 1 (2014) HD", "Slamdance Film Review: 'Vanishing Pearls: The Oystermen of Pointe a la Hache', "Review: 'Vanishing Pearls' shows fallout after Gulf disasters", "Pretty Slick: The BP Deepwater Horizon Exposed - Updated and Expanded Directors Cut", "Focus on Nature: Film Series (PLV) | Current Students | October 15, 2015 | PACE UNIVERSITY", "New Film Focuses on the Demise of Louisiana's Coast", "After the Spill: Louisiana Water Stories, Part II", Journey to Planet Earth: Dispatches from the Gulf 1 (of 3), "Dispatches from the Gulf - Screenscope - Journey to Planet Earth", "Meet David Murphy: The Next Generation of Scientists (Gulf Dispatches)", "Dispatches from the Gulf: A New Documentary", "The Movie BP (Probably) Doesn't Want You To See", "Nicolas Cage Gets Serious About the BP Oil Spill In The Runner Trailer", "Black Water (BP Version) - Gulf Oil Spill Doobie Brothers Parody", "Eddie Vedder and Jimmy Fallon 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Russell Crowe and Jimmy Fallon sing 'Balls in Your Mouth', "Jimmy Fallon & Brad Paisley Sing "Balls In Your Mouth" (Late Night with Jimmy Fallon)", "Audience Suggestion Box: Jimmy Fallon & Florence Welch Sing "Balls In Your Mouth", "God's Counting on Me, God's Counting on You", "BP Research Dollars Yield Signs of Cautious Hope", "Critical Lessons from the Federal Response to the Gulf Oil Spill", Deepwater Horizon Incident, Gulf of Mexico, Science in a Time of Crisis: WHOI's response to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, "Approaches for Ecosystem Services Valuation for the Gulf of Mexico After the, CDC Oil Spill Response Resources NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), State of Florida Oil Spill Academic Task Force, ScientificAmerican.com 2015-04020 BP Gulf Oil Spill: 5 Years Later Indepth Report, Underwater Video Examines Multiple Leak Points Causing BP Oil Spill, Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill Interactive: Smithsonian Ocean Portal, BBC News interactive animation to the disaster and blocking efforts, CSB produced blowout animation and technical explanation of cause of disaster, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill&oldid=1130796604, 4.9Mbbl (210,000,000U.S.gal; 780,000m, 2,500 to 68,000sqmi (6,500 to 176,100km, The Deepwater Horizon oil spill is referenced in the 2010 episode of, This page was last edited on 1 January 2023, at 00:57. "[351][352] The Supreme Court of the United States later refused to hear BP's appeal after victims and claimants, along with numerous Gulf coast area chambers of commerce, objected to the oil major's efforts to renege on the Settlement Agreement. He described BP's actions as "reckless." Connect With ASM. "But tens of thousands of gulf residents still haven't been fully compensated for their losses, and many are struggling to make ends meet. Transocean plead guilty to criminal charges in January 2013, adding $300 million from criminal fines to funding dedicated to the restoration efforts in the Gulf region and to improve oil spill response training and prevention. Mark Clayton for the Christian Science Monitor. Tests for chemical exposure in the seven fishermen were negative; NIOSH concluded that the hospitalizations were most likely a result of heat, fatigue, and terpenes that were being used to clean the decks. [145] On 2 August 2010, the EPA said dispersants did no more harm to the environment than the oil and that they stopped a large amount of oil from reaching the coast by breaking it down faster. Omissions? Many organizations, businesses, and private citizens filed lawsuits for economic, health, and other damages over the spill, and the final $20.8 billion settlement does not cover those. During this transition period additional $404million in claims were paid. On April 20, 2010, the oil drilling rig Deepwater Horizon, operating in the Macondo Prospect in the Gulf of Mexico, exploded and sank resulting in the death of 11 workers on the Deepwater Horizon and the largest spill of oil in the history of marine oil drilling operations. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. [74] Pumping heavy drilling fluids into the blowout preventer to restrict the flow of oil before sealing it permanently with cement ("top kill") also failed. In the case of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, clean-up workers treated the oil with over 1.4 million gallons of various chemical dispersants. [67] In 2013, some scientists at the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill and Ecosystem Science Conference said that as much as one-third of the oil may have mixed with deep ocean sediments, where it risks damage to ecosystems and commercial fisheries. However, it was verified in June that the plumes were in fact from the Deepwater spill. [29], The Deepwater Horizon was a 10-year-old[30] semi-submersible, mobile, floating, dynamically positioned drilling rig that could operate in waters up to 10,000ft (3,000m) deep. ", "Limits on access to oiled waters, coast frustrates journalists", "It's BP's Oil': Running the Corporate Blockade at Louisiana's Crude-Covered Beaches, "BP's Photo Blockade of the Gulf Oil Spill: Photographers Say BP and Government Officials Are Preventing Them from Documenting the Impact of the Deepwater Horizon Disaster", "Dying, dead marine wildlife paint dark, morbid picture of Gulf Coast following oil spill". The defective BOP and the capping stack were removed in early September and replaced by a functioning BOP. When an attempt to employ a top kill, whereby drilling mud was pumped into the well to stanch the flow of oil, also failed, BP in early June turned to an apparatus called the Lower Marine Riser Package (LMRP) cap. [59], On 25 July 2013, Halliburton pleaded guilty to destruction of critical evidence after the oil spill and said it would pay the maximum allowable fine of $200,000 and will be subject to three years of probation. According to a NALCO manual obtained by GAP, Corexit 9527 is an eye and skin irritant. Aquatic birds are immobilized by the oil because the oil penetrates the porous feathers and therefore affecting their ability to catch air. In summer 2010, approximately 47,000people and 7,000vessels were involved in the project. [266][267], On 30 April 2010, President Barack Obama ordered the federal government to hold the issuing of new offshore drilling leases and authorized the investigation of 29oil rigs in the Gulf in an effort to determine the cause of the disaster. Rather, it concluded that "notwithstanding these inherent risks, the accident of April 20 was avoidable" and that "it resulted from clear mistakes made in the first instance by BP, Halliburton and Transocean, and by government officials who, relying too much on industry's assertions of the safety of their operations, failed to create and apply a program of regulatory oversight that would have properly minimized the risk of deepwater drilling. In the United States the Deepwater Horizon investigation included several investigations and commissions, including reports by the USCG National Incident Commander, Admiral Thad Allen, the National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling, Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE), National Academy of Engineering, National Research Council, Government Accountability Office, National Oil Spill Commission, and Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. Women who suffered a high degree of economic disruption as a result of spill were significantly more likely to report wheezing; headaches; watery, burning, itchy eyes and stuffy, itchy, runny nose. [147] One plume was 22mi (35km) long, more than 1mi (1,600m) wide and 650ft (200m) deep. [334] On 21 April 2011, BP issued $40billion worth of lawsuits against rig owner Transocean, cementer Halliburton and blowout preventer manufacturer Cameron. In July 2010, it was reported that the spill was "already having a 'devastating' effect on marine life in the Gulf". [160], After the well was capped, the cleanup of shore became the main task of the response works. Improving Your Non-Technical Skills as a Scientist. [31] Built by South Korean company Hyundai Heavy Industries[32] and owned by Transocean, the rig operated under the Marshallese flag of convenience, and was chartered to BP from March 2008 to September 2013. 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