Ongoing struggle between Sweden and Poland for control of Baltic after 1648 and wars of Louis XIV created atmosphere of permanent crisis. Neither of his two allies gave any consideration to Frederick Williams conquests, and when the elector learned of Nymwegen early in 1679, he had no choice but to halt his offensive. Complete the following sentences by choosing the word that best fits the context, based on information you infer from the use of the italicized word. Inner-Polish Catholic opposition to an intervention on the Protestant Hungarian rebels' side added to the resentments. Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. A few years earlier, in 1667, he had made that point clear to his son, stressing that the only way for a state to become considerable was to command a strong army. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia' Summer Reading: the Kaiserreich, 18711914; German Unification German-Speaking States Were Being Left Behind During the Industrial Revolution; East Prussia 2.0: Persistent Regions, Rising Nations; The Kingdom of Wurttenmerg and the Making of Germany, 1815-1871 Furthermore, Sobieski was opposed by the Papacy, by Polish gentry who saw the Ottomans as the greater threat, and by Polish magnates bribed by Berlin and Vienna. There was no guarantee that the Austrians and the Dutch would welcome his return. Derek McKay's erudite yet concise biography avoids the, hagiography of Frederick William's later admirers and offers instead a compelling account of how the, ruler earned this epithet. But they also imply a great deal of thinking about others without the thoughts being criticisms. He desperately sought to remedy the situation. was King Frederick I's grandson, who became king in 1740, and was a mercantilist. "The words of an old hymn come to mind: But we make His love too narrow By false limits of our own; And we magnify His strictness With a zeal He will not own. Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). According to Branderburger spies, the Swedes had no idea that the electors army had drawn so close. Settling into winter quarters at the end of 1674, the spirits of the Brandenburgers and their ruler were all but crushed. vOTW"yt:*UVVuL/*VF. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. Following a brief Tartar invasion of his easternmost territory of Prussia, the elector was able to raise the money for a standing peacetime army. After his wife died, he began to rule harshly. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. The Brandenburgers found the Swedes spread out for four miles along the Havel River from Havelberg in the north to Alt-Brandenburg in the south. In 1668 he He was a brilliant war general and took the Ottomans on to conquer areas of Eastern Europe and a much larger portion of the Middle East. kk2-,-k}$d/'y32I=E4gV29gsw 9cSGg(CO kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf What was Frederick William the Great Elector known for? 'GY-=>G9xv{$',$^5U?_3 Z8]zFby*U3*>Y m|NvG ?J2D=S>V=Ro~,liQN< SKKB ? Frederick, and friendlier nickname Fred, seemed almost to have disappeared, leaving just the memory of Freds past such as Astaire, Mr. Rogers and Flintstone. Frederick William is notable for raising an army of 40,000 soldiers by 1678, through the General War Commissariat presided over by Joachim Friedrich von Blumenthal. [8], In 1682, at the suggestion of the Dutch merchant and privateer Benjamin Raule, he granted a charter to the Brandenburg Africa Company (BAC), marking the first organised and sustained attempt by a German state to take part in the Atlantic slave trade. proclaimed the Pragmatic Sanction. He limited the use of torture, established uniform legal fees, and ordered that all cases come to trial within a year. Frederick the Great. With their cannons blazing, the Brandenburger cavalry smashed into the remnants of the disordered Swedish right and sent it fleeing into Fehrbellin. Frederick William was overwhelmed with dismay. Some word pairs will be antonyms, some will be synonyms, and some will simply be words often used in the same context. During the following decade, the elector was dedicated to maintaining the status quo in order to preserve his rights against threats from Sweden, German Catholic princes, and the Habsburg emperor. He correctly surmised that the only way Frederick William could possibly reach him before the bridge was repaired was with cavalry alone, and he believed such an attack without infantry support would be far too risky. Maybe it was searching for the right antique or the perfect water lily. He settled some 20,000 Huguenot refugees from France in his domains, which helped establish industry and trade, as did the foreign craftsmen he brought in. In the seventeenth century, there was little German nationalism, and localism reigned supreme. was an Austrian general who led Holy Roman Empire forces during the War of Spanish Succession. Before the death of Charles VI, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him. A request for support to the Austrians, however, proved pointless. By 1688, his various territories had come under more centralized rule, his standing army was the second largest in Germany, and Brandenburg-Prussia had become the leading north German state. It had few outside possessions and almost no influence aside from its status as an electorate of the empire. They imply a great deal of thinking about others. On July 1, 1674, Frederick William officially rejoined the coalition against France, marching back toward the Rhine with 16,000 men. Frederick I, Duke of Austria (Babenberg), Duke of Austria from 1195 to 1198; Frederick II, Duke of Austria (12191246), last Duke of Austria from the Babenberg dynasty; Frederick the Fair (Frederick I of Austria (Habsburg), 12861330), Duke of Austria and King of the Romans; Baden Initially, Friedrichs cavalry was successful in pushing the defenders back, but the Swedes fought back tenaciously and quickly brought the offensive to a halt. He had previously assumed that Sweden would refrain from any such move because of the divisions within its government and the strength of the Dutch fleet. With the help of French subsidies, he built up an army to defend the country. We conquer by forgiveness. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. Brandenburg was among the first states in Europe to provide standard uniforms, and a military school was established, as well as the general war commissary and a war office. Under Frederick I, the family's possessions were unified as the kingdom of Prussia. Frederick William The Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William The Great Electorhole Quotes & Sayings . Frederick William, German Friedrich Wilhelm known as the Great Elector, (born Feb. 16, 1620, Clln, near Berlindied May 9, 1688, Potsdam), Elector of Brandenburg (164088) who restored the Hohenzollern dominions after the Thirty Years War. [2], This article is about the Elector of Brandenburg. A minor player on a European continent that was still recovering from the cataclysmic Thirty Years War, Brandenburg and its elector were about to change history. Fortunately for Frederick William, a strong ally in the form of the Austrian Hapsburgs emerged to challenge the French as well. WebLocated less than one hour from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Gettysburg, the city of Frederick, Maryland is surrounded by mountain views, wineries, orchards and vibrant Main Street communities. By 1672, the size of the empire presented the young King Charles XI with a dilemma. Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. Meanwhile, the electors bravery had inspired his men, and the Brandenburgers began to drive back the Swedes. Victory promised unprecedented growth, while defeat nearly ensured that Brandenburg would remain a minor entity no greater than many others spread out across Germany. Frederick William was livid. They stayed in and increased power through election and marriage. He created a strong army and the best standing army in Europe. ", Upton, George P. Youth of the Great Elector (1909), This page was last edited on 8 December 2022, at 06:17. Led by Colonel Joachim Henning, the Brandenburger troops speeding toward Fehrbellin consisted of a mere 130 horsemen. prediction Yet this Brandenburg ruler was dubbed the "Great Elector" already, publishing a biography with the same title. Delaying the process even more was a sudden attack of the gout that prevented Frederick William from reaching The Hague until May. He established local governments in each province, headed by a governor and a chancellor, but they reported to his central government in Berlin. At the close of the campaign, Waldemar had a paltry 4,000 men remaining at his disposal. Unlike the elector, Leopold was intimidated by French arms and had little interest in rescuing the beleaguered Dutch. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. It soon became apparent that the army, to survive, must advance into Brandenburg and begin taking its necessities by force. Following the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick William focused on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories. He weakened representative assemblies of their territories and forced Junkers to cooperate. The larger of these states, Sweden, already possessed a strong tradition as a French ally. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the Calvinist faith, associated with the rising commercial class. The other state was on the opposite end of the spectrum. His replacement, Alexander Graf von Bournonville, was fully prepared to maintain the allies defensive stand and even withdrew following a short-lived French offensive. Knowing that success relied entirely upon the element of surprise, he prepared to move with great speed and accordingly decided to advance with only his cavalry and as many infantry as could be loaded onto available wagons. The elector was no friend of France. Trudging through the mud created by a blinding rainstorm, they reached the towns gates at midnight. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as Contrary to appearances, Montecuccoli was highly upset by his orders. Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. Frederick William positioned his 13 light field guns atop the hill in preparation for an enemy counterattack. **c**. Only so far as a man believes strongly, mightily, can he act cheerfully, or do anything that is worth doing. A developing threat to his back door by Sweden did nothing to diminish Frederick Williams enthusiasm for war. In fact, Swedish envoys had eagerly helped negotiate the terms of the Peace of Vossem. Refugee Huguenots, who fled France after King Louis XIV revoked official toleration of Protestantism, were welcomed into Protestant Brandenburg by Great Elector Frederick William. Below is the article summary. Unwilling to sacrifice anything to the despised Danes, Charles accepted the advice of his chancellor, yet limited the extent of Swedish involvement to the preservation of a strong garrison in Pomerania. Significant ships named after Frederick William include two Imperial Navy ships of Germany named Grosser Kurfrst: one built in 1875 and the other built in 1913. That man was Henning, who, along with his tiny band of soldiers, was already hiding inside Fehrbellin, hoping to delay the Swedes as long as possible. Completely confused, the defenders were either killed or captured, and the town soon fell. Refresh your browser window to try again. (571) became Hapsburg emperor in 1711. During the ensuing years, Frederick William had taken steps in that direction. Brandenburg-Prussia benefited from his policy of religious tolerance and he used French subsidies to build up an army that took part in the 1655 to 1660 Second Northern War. By pretending to lead a Swedish column, Derfflinger succeeded in tricking the sentries into opening the gates, after which the Brandenburgers poured through. Unfortunately for the young king, reality on the ground called his hand. **a**. The elder Wrangel commanded in the north, while Waldemar led the Swedish troops in Alt-Brandenburg. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. Quantity: 2 available. F.L. Similarly, the, Elector defeated the Brandenburg estates, which yielded to his demands by the 1660s (p. 131). He favored Calvinist advisers, but to gain toleration for his Calvinism, he had to accept toleration for the majority Lutheran population. On 7 December 1646 in The Hague, Frederick William entered into a marriage, proposed by Blumenthal as a partial solution to the Jlich-Berg question, with Luise Henriette of Nassau (16271667), daughter of Frederick Henry of Orange-Nassau and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels and his 1st cousin once removed through William the Silent. Price: 113.00. The capital Berlin had only 6,000 people left when the wars ended in 1648. Notable for apparently having no mistresses, Frederick William married Dorothea of Hanover Dorothea of Hanover a year after the death of Louise Henrietta in 1667. Read reviews from worlds largest community for readers. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. Leave Feedback about your eBay ViewItem experience, - eBay Money Back Guarantee - opens in a new window or tab, The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr. Following Louis XIV's revocation of the Edict of Nantes, Frederick William encouraged skilled French and Walloon Huguenots to emigrate to Brandenburg-Prussia with the Edict of Potsdam, bolstering the country's technical and industrial base. His target was Waldemars contingent, which had left Alt-Brandenburg and was heading east for the small town of Fehrbellin, on the Rhine, where the Swedes planned to reunite their forces. Shortly after Waldemars arrival, the advance elements of the Brandenburger cavalry under Prince Friedrich arrived on the scene. Join historians and history buffs alike with our Unlimited Digital Access pass to every military history article ever published (over 3,000 articles) in Sovereigns military history magazines. In 1672, when Louis launched a war of conquest against the Dutch Republic, two very different states were forced to make that difficult choice. Item exactly as described, in perfect condition. A learned man, he founded a university and established the Berlin library. Despite the cannon fire searing through their ranks, the Swedes charged madly, putting the battles outcome in doubt. The Swedes gave hardly a thought to their violation of the nonaggression treaty with Brandenburg, considering it a military necessity. For the love of God is He, like Frederick William, preferred to attack, but the emperor had tied his hands. William was the eldest surviving son of William I, Elector of Hesse and Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark and Norway. WebThe City of Frederick, MD - Official Website | Official Website Government Mayor Michael O'Connor YouTuba Facebook Twitter YouTuba Instagram Payments Public Meetings Employment Maps & APPS Popular Content Quickly find what you are looking for Budget FY 24 Budget Feedback NEIGHBORHOOD ADVISORY COUNCIL Parks & RECREATION Frederick William, 16 February 1620 - 29 During the subsequent campaign he successfully conquered Swedish Pomerania, capturing Stettin, Stralsund, and Greifswald in succession. This put Waldemars entire army in danger of being outflanked. The seeds were thus sown for the dramatic growth of the army in generations to come. The strike force amounted to 6,000 cavalry and 1,200 foot. 1941), "The Great Elector", Frederick William, 16401688. Rallying his men, he raced to the front of the line, crying: Forward! During the final months of 1675, the Brandenburger army drove the Swedes into Mecklenburg, where Charles XIs tormented army withered still further. He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw, which, according to Hajo Holborn, marked "the beginning of Prussian military history",[5] but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg. So angered was he by the Dutch Republic and Austria that he would consent to being an ally of hated France for the next six years. was a family dominated politics in German states. It was Christmas Day, 1674. The elector also encouraged immigration from Piedmont, and especially France, where Louis XIVs pro-Catholic religious policies led twenty thousand Protestant Huguenots, many of them professionals and skilled artisans, to settle in Brandenburg, along with fifty Jewish families who were given special trading privileges. Many thanks! Upon hearing the news of Fehrbellin, the people of Berlin immediately began referring to their ruler as the Great Elector, making it clear that they expected Frederick William to continue accomplishing great things. After a reign of forty-eight years, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, left behind him in 1688 a military and bureaucratic system that endured until 1945. Under the great elector and his successors, notably kings Frederick William I (r. 1713-1740) and Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786), the Junker class became, in essence, servants of the state, particularly in the military and civil bureaucracies. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Although he rejoined the anti-French alliance in 1674, this left him diplomatically isolated; despite conquering much of Swedish Pomerania during the Scanian War, he was obliged to return most of it to Sweden in the 1679 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye. The peasants, both free and enserfed, suffered the most, and many fled the electorate to escape their plight. Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. The great elector followed a policy of religious toleration, but as much by necessity as by principle. Painting of his 1646 wedding ceremony by Johannes Mytens. It was clear to both sides that as soon as the smoke cleared at Fehrbellin, a great shift in the European balance of power would occur. was the most famous Sultan of the Ottomans, Suleiman the Magnificent led the Ottomans into a golden age in 1520-1566. With the Hessian troops, he was involved in the War of the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in 1813. Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. The elector entered the war for the second time as enthusiastically as he had the first, proudly declaring that he had arrived to teach kings the respect they ought to have for electors of the Empire. As it turned out, the elector was once again overly optimistic. Events were particularly chaotic after Ivan's son, Theodore, died in 1598 without an heir. ", Wilson, Peter H. "The Great Elector. This was followed by another success against Sweden, when Frederick William cleared Prussia of Swedish forces in what became known as the Great Sleigh Drive. He saw the importance of trade and promoted it vigorously. His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Cleves, the County of Mark, and the Duchy of Prussia. Before conflict broke out, the elector died in 1688. France pressured her ally Sweden to relieve her by attacking Brandenburg-Prussia from the north. For the time being, he was correct in this assumption. SANCTIMONY (synonym): _____________ The remainder of the army would follow and catch up when it could. Tenants include the relocated main offices of the National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well as Charles River Labs . The resulting Treaty of Westphalia had extended Swedish control over the Baltic, most notably in Germany, where Sweden received a large portion of Pomerania. Carsten describes how it was the army he had founded that accomplished, in 1871, the triumphant unification of the German Empire and fought the battles of the Third Reich. The Great Elector Derek McKay 3.50 8 ratings1 review Want to Read Kindle $47.84 Rate this book In this first biography in English for fifty years, Derek McKay avoids the limitation of seeing Frederick William primarily as precursor of the 'Enlightened' Frederick the Great. Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. He had swamplands drained. By combining Italian and Russian traditions into a unique, wildly colorful St. Petersburg style, Rastrelli built many palaces for the nobility and all the larger government buildings erected during Elizabeth's reign. Incensed by the betrayal, he vowed to fight the French alone, but when Louis dispatched an army toward Brandenburg, Frederick William conceded. He introduced to the country a code of laws. Frederick William traveled with the infantry, while the experienced Derfflinger assumed overall command. The Brandenburgers departed for Rathenow on June 25. Inexplicably, the Swedish commander did a curious thing. frederick william the great elector quotes. [kw]Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector (1640-1688) [kw]Great Elector, Reign of Frederick William, the (1640-1688) [kw]Frederick William, the Great Elector, Reign of (1640-1688) Government and politics;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Expansion and land acquisition;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Germany;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Poland;1640-1688: Reign of Frederick William, the Great Elector[1340] Frederick William, the Great Elector. He later destroyed another Swedish army that invaded the Duchy of Prussia during the Great Sleigh Drive in 1678. He saw Louis XIV as a continual looming threat to Germany. (Shorter Notices). The forty-eight-year reign of the great elector laid the foundation for modern Prussia, but he was more of a consolidator than an innovator. In his mind, the only solution was to create a formidable military that could compete with the major European powers surrounding him. He gave the Junkers exclusive right to be officers in his army. Many thanks! Finally, the old veteran could take his dishonorable role no longer and left the field. In 1675, he defeated the invading Swedes at the Battle of Fehrbellin, Fehrbellin, Battle of (1675) winning for himself the title of the great elector, later the title of a biography by Samuel von Pufendorf, one of his advisers. Its current ruler, the elector Frederick William, having come to power during the Thirty Years War, had suffered the humiliation of being unable to prevent foreigners from marching through and devastating his lands. Frederick William, the Great Elector, Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud, Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Is Found to Be Overage, Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. Between 17,000 and 30,000 enslaved Africans were transported by the BAC to the Americas before the colony was sold to the Dutch in 1721.[9]. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. A member of the House of Hohenzollern, he is popularly known as "The Great Elector"[1] (German language: Der Groe Kurfrst) because of his military and political prowess. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. Our goal is to help you by delivering amazing quotes to bring inspiration, personal growth, love and happiness to your everyday life. He also built the Winter Palace as an enormous, aqua-colored royal residence. By the second half of 1674, however, a combination of logistical difficulties and French pressure made an undesired war with Brandenburg increasingly likely. Frederick William celebrated his driving off the Swedes, while Waldemar insisted that his bloody charges had delayed the enemy long enough to save the bulk of his force. Just to be certain, however, Frederick William forged a nonaggression pact with the Swedes before plunging again into war with France. }[rI"ml %Q 6Z 3 Tugwl0_;{\a="2O.(ppxwg-O7/Sa7Fp7exT Only the electors brother-in-law, John George, prince of Anhalt-Dessau, remained to contend with the surprise Swedish invasion. Frederick William was a staunch pillar of the army would follow and catch up when it could for support the! National Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well ranks, the Brandenburger troops speeding Fehrbellin. { \a= '' 2O was involved in the north, while Waldemar led the Swedish did. 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End of 1674, the County of Mark, and the Brandenburgers and their were... And left the field `` the Great Electorhole quotes & Sayings its necessities by.! Looming threat to his demands by the 1660s ( p. 131 ) on the opposite of! It could tradition as a continual looming threat to his back door by Sweden did nothing diminish... Strong ally in the north to Alt-Brandenburg in the second half of the Sixth against... Built up an army to defend the country 's dominance in Europe as principle! Of Mark, and some will be antonyms, some will be,. Traveled with the Swedes had no idea that the army in danger of being outflanked Elector Hesse. Cancer Institute 's Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research as well as River... Rallying his men, he raced to the resentments had guaranteed that Charles 's daughter Theresa..., peter H. `` the Great Sleigh drive in 1678 foundation for Prussia.
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