He interrupted his military career in 1853 to pursue private business ventures, without much success. I know him well. [237][238] Sherman encouraged bison hunting by private citizens and, when Congress passed a law in 1874 to protect the bison from over-hunting, Sherman helped convince President Grant to use a pocket veto to prevent it from coming into force. [68] In early April, Sherman declined Montgomery Blair's offer of the administrative position of chief clerk in the War Department, despite Blair's promise that it would be followed by nomination as Assistant Secretary of War after the U.S. Congress assembled in July. Sherman served in that capacity from 1869 until 1883 and was responsible for the U.S. Army's engagement in the Indian Wars. Looting was officially forbidden, but historians disagree on how rigorously this regulation was enforced. For the most part, Sherman refused to revise his original text on the ground that "I disclaim the character of historian, but assume to be a witness on the stand before the great tribunal of history" and "any witness who may disagree with me should publish his own version of [the] facts in the truthful narration of which he is interested". On April 9, Sherman relayed to his troops the news that Lee had surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House and that the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia had ceased to exist. "Well, Grant, we've had the devil's own day, haven't we?" [75], The engagement at Bull Run ended in a disastrous defeat for the Union, dashing the hopes for a rapid resolution of the conflict over secession. The documentary's title refers to U.S. General William Tecumseh Sherman, whose routing of the Confederacy in the Deep South resulted in federal pledges of land, protection, and dignity to the emancipated slaves. [178] On January 12, Sherman and Stanton met in Savannah with twenty local black leaders, most of them Baptist or Methodist ministers, invited by Sherman. The massive Confederate attack on the morning of April 6, 1862, took most of the senior Union commanders by surprise. Therefore, he believed that the North had to conduct its campaign as a war of conquest, employing scorched earth tactics to break the backbone of the rebellion. Sherman's March to the Sea (also known as the Savannah campaign or simply Sherman's March) was a military campaign of the American Civil War conducted through Georgia from November 15 until December 21, 1864, by William Tecumseh Sherman, major general of the Union Army.The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 15 and ended with the capture of the . Concerning Him (1859-1864) Made by L. Bourgeois and Affirmed to be True Copies by David F. Boyd, 30 September 1875; Copies of Letters to and by William Tecumseh Sherman; Drafts of Letters, Reports, and Speeches by William Tecumseh Sherman [209] Consuming supplies, wrecking infrastructure, and undermining morale were Sherman's stated goals, and several of his Southern contemporaries noted this and commented on it. As a man, Sherman was an eccentric mixture of strength and weakness. [101] Sherman's operations were supposed to be coordinated with an advance on Vicksburg by Grant from another direction. After Sherman's departure the spokesman for the black leaders, Baptist minister Garrison Frazier,[181][182] declared in response to Stanton's inquiry about the feelings of the black community: We looked upon General Sherman prior to his arrival as a man in the providence of God specially set apart to accomplish this work, and we unanimously feel inexpressible gratitude to him, looking upon him as a man that should be honored for the faithful performance of his duty. The first edition was published in 1875 by Henry S. King & Co., of London, and by Appleton in New York. William Tecumseh Sherman. [133] According to Holden-Reid, "Sherman did more than any other man apart from the president in creating [the] climate of opinion" that afforded Lincoln a comfortable victory over McClellan at the polls. In 1859, he became superintendent of the Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy (now Louisiana State University), a position from which he resigned when Louisiana seceded from the Union. War is a terrible thing! In his memoirs, Sherman would later write that he saw that new assignment as breaking a promise by President Lincoln that he would not be given such a prominent leadership position. [298] The admiration of scholars such as B. H. Liddell Hart,[299] Lloyd Lewis, Victor Davis Hanson,[300] John F. Marszalek,[301] and Brian Holden-Reid[302] for Sherman owes much to what they see as an approach to the exigencies of modern armed conflict that was both effective and principled. He led Union forces in crushing campaigns through the South, marching through Georgia and the Carolinas (1864-65). Lincoln happened to be at City Point at the same time, making possible the only three-way meeting of Lincoln, Grant, and Sherman during the war. [175] According to Sherman, My aim then was to whip the rebels, to humble their pride, to follow them to their inmost recesses, and make them fear and dread us. By Himself, published by D. Appleton & Company in two volumes, began with the year 1846 (when the Mexican War began) and ended with a chapter about the "military lessons of the [civil] war". In early 1858, he returned to California to finalize the bank's outstanding accounts there. [176] Their fate soon became a pressing military and political issue. Johnston, ignoring instructions from President Davis, accepted those terms on April 26, 1865, formally surrendered his army and all the Confederate forces in the Carolinas, Georgia, and Florida. When Grant was promoted and took over the armies in the east, Sherman was put in charge of those in the west. [81][82] He was promptly replaced by Don Carlos Buell and transferred to St. Louis. Boyd later recalled witnessing that, when news of South Carolina's secession from the United States reached them at the Seminary, "Sherman burst out crying, and began, in his nervous way, pacing the floor and deprecating the step which he feared might bring destruction on the whole country. [24] Fellow cadet William Rosecrans remembered Sherman as "one of the brightest and most popular fellows" at the academy and as "a bright-eyed, red-headed fellow, who was always prepared for a lark of any kind". [278], Some modern historians have characterized Sherman as a deist in the manner of Thomas Jefferson,[279] while others identify him as an agnostic who accepted many Christian values but lacked faith. Genealogy for William Tecumseh Sherman (c.1866 - 1867) family tree on Geni, with over 230 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. Father and son, however, were reconciled when Thomas returned to the United States in August 1880, after having travelled to England for his religious instruction. The burning of Columbia has engendered controversy ever since, with some claiming the fires were a deliberate act of vengeance by the Union troops and others that the fires were accidental, caused in part by the burning bales of cotton that the retreating Confederates left behind them.[151]. [159], Following Lee's surrender and the assassination of Lincoln, Sherman met with Johnston on April 17, 1865, at Bennett Place in Durham, North Carolina, to negotiate a Confederate surrender. [43], Sherman was appointed as captain in the Army's Commissary Department on September 27, 1850, with offices in St. Louis, Missouri. [158] After returning to Goldsboro, Sherman marched with his troops to the state capital, Raleigh, where Sherman sought to communicate with Johnston's army regarding possible terms for ending the war. President Zachary Taylor, vice president Millard Fillmore and other political luminaries attended the wedding. 142, 38Th Congress, 2D Session by Gen William Tecumseh Sherman, George Henry Thomas, John Pope, 9780342519576, available at LibroWorld.com. [204] When the city council appealed to him to rescind that order, on the grounds that it would cause great hardship to women, children, the elderly, and others who bore no responsibility for the conduct of the war,[204][205] Sherman sent a written response in which he sought to articulate his conviction that a lasting peace would be possible only if the Union were restored, and that he was therefore prepared to do all he could do to end the rebellion: You cannot qualify war in harsher terms than I will. [267], On February 19, a funeral service was held at his home, followed by a military procession. He led the capture of the strategic city of Atlanta, a military success that contributed to the re-election of President Abraham Lincoln. Although Sherman was technically the senior officer, he wrote to Grant, "I feel anxious about you as I know the great facilities [the Confederates] have of concentration by means of the River and R[ail] Road, but [I] have faith in youCommand me in any way. [16] Sherman had already been baptized as an infant by a Presbyterian minister[17][18] and recent biographers believe, contrary to Lewis's claims, that he was probably given the first name "William" at that time. In 1864, she took up temporary residence in South Bend, Indiana in order to have her young family educated at the University of Notre Dame and St. Mary's College, both Catholic institutions. The Congressional Evolution of the United States Henry Middleton Unauthorized Site: This site and its contents are not affiliated, connected, associated with or authorized by the individual, family, friends, or trademarked entities utilizing any part or the subject's entire name. His father, Charles Robert Sherman, a lawyer who was a justice on the Ohio Supreme Court,[11] died unexpectedly of typhoid fever in 1829. You are bound to fail. McPherson. [290], In the early 20th century, Sherman's role in the Civil War attracted attention from influential British military intellectuals, including Field Marshal Lord Wolseley, Maj. Gen. J. F. C. Fuller, and especially Capt. "[64], Sherman departed Louisiana and traveled to Washington, D.C., possibly in the hope of securing a position in the U.S. Army. William Tecumseh Sherman 1870-1939 - Ancestry. Sherman's subsequent march through Georgia and the Carolinas involved little fighting but large-scale destruction of cotton plantations and other infrastructure, a systematic policy intended to undermine the ability and willingness of the Confederacy to continue fighting. [110] When Vicksburg fell on July 4, 1863, after a prolonged siege, the Union achieved a major strategic victory, putting navigation along the Mississippi River entirely under Union control and effectively cutting off the western half of the Confederacy from the eastern half. It is all folly, madness, a crime against civilization! In response to this threat, Grant instructed Sherman to attack Johnston. [12] He left his widow, Mary Hoyt Sherman, with eleven children and no inheritance. In March, Halleck's command was redesignated the Department of the Mississippi and enlarged to unify command in the West. Sherman's success in Georgia received ample coverage in the Northern press at a time when Grant seemed to be making little progress in his fight against Confederate general Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. [19][20] As an adult, Sherman signed all his correspondence including to his wife "W. T. One of his younger brothers, John Sherman, was one of the founders of the Republican Party and served as a U.S. congressman, senator, and cabinet secretary. The publication of Sherman's memoirs sparked controversy and drew complaints from many quarters. Eventually, Sherman won approval from his superiors for a plan to cut loose from his communications and march south, having advised Grant that he could "make Georgia howl". [42] Ellen Ewing Sherman was a devout Catholic, and the couple's children were reared in that faith. According to Sherman's biographer Robert O'Connell, "Shiloh marked the turning point of his life. Upon hearing that Sherman's men were advancing on corduroy roads through the Salkehatchie swamps at a rate of a dozen miles per day, Johnston "made up his mind that there had been no such army in existence since the days of Julius Caesar". [175], Tens of thousands of escaped slaves nonetheless joined Sherman's marches through Georgia and the Carolinas as refugees. [134], During September and October, Sherman and Hood played a cat-and-mouse game in northern Georgia and Alabama, as Hood threatened Sherman's communications to the north. [37][38], At John Augustus Sutter Jr.s request, Sherman assisted Capt. After the fall of Atlanta in 1864, Sherman ordered the city's immediate evacuation. Sherman, however, succeeded in keeping his own bank solvent. [117], At Chattanooga, Grant instructed Sherman to attack the right flank of Bragg's forces, which were entrenched along Missionary Ridge overlooking the city. [242], Much of Sherman's time as Commanding General was devoted to making the Western and Plains states safe for settlement through the continuation of the Indian Wars, which included three significant campaigns: the Modoc War, the Great Sioux War of 1876, and the Nez Perce War. Skip Ancestry navigation Main Menu. William Tecumseh Sherman married Margaret E Gleason and had 5 children. [28], While many of his colleagues saw action in the MexicanAmerican War, Sherman was assigned to administrative duties in the captured territory of California. Sherman was then the San Francisco manager of Lucas, Turner & Co. However, Sherman impressed Lincoln during the President's visit to the troops on July 23, and Lincoln promoted Sherman to brigadier general of volunteers effective May 17, 1861. [106], The failure of the first phase of the campaign against Vicksburg led Grant to formulate an unorthodox new strategy, which called for the invading Union army to separate from its supply train and subsist by foraging. The William Tecumseh Sherman Family Papers, as they were deposited in the University of Notre Dame Archives by Miss Eleanor Sherman Fitch, the granddaughter of General Sherman, prior to her death in 1959, consisted of correspondence, clippings, photographs, scrapbooks, diaries, various legal papers and documents, cancelled checks, bankbooks . He married Maud Colby Bates on 7 October 1913. "Fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." [30] In his memoirs, Sherman relates a hike with Halleck to the summit of Corcovado, overlooking Rio de Janeiro in Brazil, in order to examine the city's aqueduct design. Supplemental Report Of The Joint Committee On The Conduct Of The War: In Two Volumes ; Supplemental To Senate Report No. As with all family trees on this website, the sources for each ancestor are listed on the family group pages so that you can personally judge the reliability of the information. This made Sherman senior in rank to Ulysses S. Grant, his future commander. 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